{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:58:31Z","timestamp":1760061511336,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,3]],"date-time":"2012-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343952000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this research is to identify users' perceived affordances and explore how they influence the acceptance of an e\u2010reader device collaborative learning system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper reports on two studies conducted to identify and explore perceived affordances. The first study enabled four users to experience a collaborative problem\u2010solving task to elicit perceived affordances. The second study developed and used a survey instrument based on a modified technology acceptance model with 54 participants to investigate the influences of the affordances on users' acceptance using the partial least square technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five major affordance factors were found to be significantly influencing users' acceptance of the proposed system. These affordance factors are: mobility affordance, support affordance, connectivity affordance, immediacy affordance, and collaborative affordance. Surprisingly, sustainability affordance was found to have limited influence on the acceptance of the proposed system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings can be applied to other e\u2010reader devices with features similar to iLiad such as Sony PRS, Kobo, Nook, PocketBook and Viewsonic. Prototyping is a critical design process which aims to elicit user experiences. The research implies that the prototype system is capable of generating perceived affordances that are useful for e\u2010reader device development in order to enhance acceptance. The convenience sample used in the survey is biased towards male participants. As male and female users perceive information and communications technologies (ICT) differently, caution should be taken when applying the findings to the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Practitioners should focus on utilising the support affordance of the system and identifying clear learning goals with the help of collaborative affordance as the learning pedagogy. System designers should focus on creating a good range of visible support affordances that are intuitive, while enhancing or complementing the collaborative learning affordances. The design of an integrated chat application is important as it lays the foundation for ensuring that collaborative learning with e\u2010reader devices is possible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>E\u2010reader devices have not been studied extensively as collaborative learning systems. This research is believed to be the first to integrate and explore the use of an e\u2010reader device in a collaborative learning environment. This study introduces the concept of composite affordance with a modified technology acceptance model for investigating users' acceptance of an e\u2010reader device as a collaborative learning system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/02640471211252229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,28]],"date-time":"2012-07-28T09:15:59Z","timestamp":1343466959000},"page":"516-542","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Exploring the affordance and acceptance of an e\u2010reader device as a collaborative learning system"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Boon\u2010Chong","family":"Seet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tiong\u2010Thye","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b2","unstructured":"Barkley, E.F., Cross, K.P. and Major, C.H. (2005), Collaborative Learning Techniques: A Handbook for College Faculty, Jossey\u2010Bass, San Francisco, CA."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b3","unstructured":"Boud, D. (2001), \u201cIntroduction: making the move to peer learning\u201d, in Boud, D., Cohen, R. and Sampson, J. (Eds), Peer Learning in Higher Education: Learning From & With Each Other, Kogan Page, London, pp. 1\u201017."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b4","unstructured":"Brusilovsky, P., Kim, J. and Farzan, R. (2009), \u201cEnhancing electronic books with spatial annotation and social navigation support\u201d, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Universal Digital Library, 6\u20108 November, Pittsburgh, PA."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b5","unstructured":"Carmines, E.G. and Zeller, R.A. (1979), \u201cReliability and validity assessment\u201d, Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, 07\u2010017, Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, CA."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, N., Guimbretiere, F., Dixon, M., Lewis, C. and Agrawala, M. (2008), \u201cNavigation techniques for dual\u2010display e\u2010book readers\u201d, Proceedings of the Twenty\u2010Sixth Annual SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) 5\u201010 April, Florence, pp. 1779\u201088.","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357331"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b7","unstructured":"Chin, W.W. (1998), \u201cThe partial least squares approach to structural equation modelling\u201d, in Marcoulides, G.A. (Ed.), Modern Methods for Business Research, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 295\u2010358."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark, D.T., Goodwin, S.P., Samuelson, T. and Coker, C. (2008), \u201cA qualitative assessment of the Kindle e\u2010book reader: results from early focus groups\u201d, Performance Measurement and Metrics, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 118\u201029.","DOI":"10.1108\/14678040810906826"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cochrane, T. and Bateman, R. (2010), \u201cSmartphones give you wings: pedagogical affordances of mobile Web 2.0\u201d, Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, Vol. 26 No. 1, pp. 1\u201014.","DOI":"10.14742\/ajet.1098"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis, F.D. (1989), \u201cPerceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology\u201d, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 319\u201040.","DOI":"10.2307\/249008"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b11","unstructured":"Demski, J. (2010), \u201cThe device versus the book\u201d, Campus Technology, available at: http:\/\/campustechnology.com (accessed 22 June 2011)."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eisenkopf, G. (2010), \u201cPeer effects, motivation, and learning\u201d, Economics of Education Review, Vol. 29 No. 3, pp. 364\u201074.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econedurev.2009.08.005"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F. (1981), \u201cEvaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error\u201d, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 39\u201050.","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b14","unstructured":"Gartner, Inc. (2010), \u201cGartner says worldwide sales of connected e\u2010readers on track to reach 6.6 million units in 2010\u201d, available at: www.gartner.com\/it\/page.jsp?id=1487014 (accessed 1 September 2011)."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaver, W.W. (1991), \u201cTechnology affordances\u201d, Proceedings of the SIGHCI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Reaching through Technology, ACM Press, New York, NY, pp. 79\u201084.","DOI":"10.1145\/108844.108856"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaver, W.W. (1992), \u201cThe affordances of media spaces for collaboration\u201d, Proceedings of the 1992 ACM Conference on Computer\u2010Supported Cooperative Work, ACM Press, New York, NY, pp. 17\u201024.","DOI":"10.1145\/143457.371596"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibson, G. and Gibb, F. (2011), \u201cAn evaluation of second\u2010generation ebook readers\u201d, The Electronic Library, Vol. 29 No. 3, pp. 303\u201019.","DOI":"10.1108\/02640471111141061"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goh, T.T. and Liew, C.L. (2009), \u201cSMS\u2010based library catalogue system: a preliminary investigation of user acceptance\u201d, The Electronic Library, Vol. 27 No. 3, pp. 394\u2010408.","DOI":"10.1108\/02640470910966853"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b1","unstructured":"GPP (2000), \u201cTechnical specification \u2018Multicall Service Description: Stage 1 (Release 1999)\u2019, 3G TS 22.135, v3.2.0. 2000\u201d, available at: www.arib.or.jp\/IMT\u20102000\/ARIB\u2010spec\/ARIB\/22135_320.pdf (accessed 3 September 2011)."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b19","unstructured":"Green, K.C. (2010), \u201cThe 2010 national survey of information technology in US higher education\u201d, The Campus Computing Project, available at: http:\/\/campuscomputing.net (accessed 22 June 2011)."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b20","unstructured":"GroChat (2011), GroChat v3.0, available at: http:\/\/grochat.sourceforge.net\/ (accessed 22 June 2011)."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grzeschik, K., Kruppa, Y., Marti, D. and Donne, P. (2011), \u201cReading in 2110 \u2013 reading behavior and reading devices: a case study\u201d, The Electronic Library, Vol. 29 No. 3, pp. 288\u2010302.","DOI":"10.1108\/02640471111141052"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b22","unstructured":"Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L. and Black, W.C. (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis, 5th ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b26","unstructured":"Halme, O. (2011), \u201cE\u2010reading devices as a new medium for newspaper reading\u201d, available at: http:\/\/hsepubl.lib.hse.fi\/FI\/ethesis\/pdf\/12515\/hse_ethesis_12515.pdf (accessed 1 September 2011)."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b23","unstructured":"Heikkil\u00e4, H. (2011), \u201ceReading user experiences: ebook devices, reading software and contents\u201d, in Kallenbach, J. (Ed.), eReading: Media Use, Experience, & Adoption, Next Media Technical Report, TIVIT, Espoo, pp. 12\u201065."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hembrooke, H. and Gay, G. (2003), \u201cThe laptop and the lecture: the effects of multitasking in learning environments\u201d, Journal of Computing in Higher Education, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 46\u201064.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02940852"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henseler, J., Ringle, C.M. and Sinkovics, R.R. (2009), \u201cThe use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing\u201d, in Sinkovics, R.R. and Ghauri, P.N. (Eds), New Challenges to International Marketing, Advances in International Marketing, Vol. 20, Emerald Group Publishing, Bingley, pp. 277\u2010319.","DOI":"10.1108\/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b27","unstructured":"Ho, H.Y., Wang, L.W. and Tsai, H.C. (2010), \u201cConsumers' behavioral intentions of using cross\u2010media book for e\u2010learning\u201d, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Information Sciences and Interaction Sciences, 23\u201025 June, Chengdu, China, IEEE Press, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 77\u201082."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holmer, T., Kienle, A. and Wessner, M. (2006), \u201cExplicit referencing in learning chats: needs and acceptance\u201d, in Nejdl, W. and Tochtermann, K. (Eds), Innovative Approaches for Learning and Knowledge Sharing: First European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EC\u2010TEL 2006, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 4227, Springer, Berlin, pp. 170\u201084.","DOI":"10.1007\/11876663_15"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Howell, J.M. and Aviolo, B.J. (1993), \u201cTransformational leadership, transactional leadership, locus of control, and support for innovation: key predictors of consolidated\u2010business\u2010unit\u2010performance\u201d, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 78 No. 6, pp. 891\u2010902.","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.78.6.891"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, J., Lin, Y. and Chuang, S. (2007), \u201cElucidating user behavior of mobile learning: a perspective of the extended technology acceptance model\u201d, The Electronic Library, Vol. 25 No. 5, pp. 585\u201098.","DOI":"10.1108\/02640470710829569"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hulland, J. (1999), \u201cUse of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: a review of four recent studies\u201d, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 20 No. 2, pp. 95\u2010204.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199902)20:2<195::AID-SMJ13>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b32","unstructured":"IRex (2011), IRex iLiad, available at: http:\/\/wiki.mobileread.com\/wiki\/Category:IRex_iLiad (accessed 22 June 2011)."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b33","unstructured":"Johnson, D.W. and Johnson, R. (1992), \u201cImplementing cooperative learning\u201d, Contemporary Education, Vol. 63 No. 3, pp. 173\u201080."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung, J., Chan\u2010Olmsted, S., Park, B. and Kim, Y. (2012), \u201cFactors affecting e\u2010book reader awareness, interest, and intention to use\u201d, New Media & Society, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 204\u201024.","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444811410407"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b71","unstructured":"Katz, E., Blumler, J. and Gurevitch, M. (1974), \u201cUtilization of mass communications by the individual\u201d, in Blumler, J. and Katz, E. (Eds), The Uses of Mass Communications: Current Perspectives on Gratifications Research, Sage, Beverly Hills, CA, pp. 19\u201032."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b35","unstructured":"Kirschner, P. (2002), \u201c\u2018Can we support CSCL?\u2019 Educational, social and technological affordances for learning\u201d, in Kirschner, P. (Ed.), Three Worlds of CSCL: Can We Support CSCL?, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, pp. 7\u201047."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirschner, P., Strijbos, J.\u2010W., Kreijns, K. and Beers, P.J. (2004), \u201cDesigning electronic collaborative learning environments\u201d, Educational Technology Research and Development, Vol. 52 No. 3, pp. 47\u201066.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02504675"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b37","unstructured":"Koeder, M.J., Mohammed, U. and Sugai, P. (2011), \u201cStudy of consumer attitudes towards connected reader devices in Japan based on the decomposed theory of planned behavior\u201d, EMS\u20102011\u201010 working paper, available at: www.iuj.ac.jp\/workingpapers\/index.cfm?File=EMS_2011_10.pdf (accessed 1 September 2011)."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b38","unstructured":"Kreijns, K., Kirschner, P.A. and Jochems, W. (2002), \u201cThe sociability of computer\u2010supported collaborative learning environments\u201d, Journal of Education Technology & Society, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 8\u201022."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai, J.Y. and Chang, C.Y. (2011), \u201cUser attitudes toward dedicated e\u2010book readers for reading: the effects of convenience, compatibility and media richness\u201d, Online Information Review, Vol. 35 No. 4, pp. 558\u201080.","DOI":"10.1108\/14684521111161936"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Landoni, M. (2010), Evaluating E\u2010books, Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Research Advances in Large Digital Book Repositories and Complementary Media (BooksOnline) 26 October, Toronto, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 43\u20106.","DOI":"10.1145\/1871854.1871869"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Letchumanan, M. and Tarmizi, R.A. (2011), \u201cAssessing the intention to use e\u2010book among engineering undergraduates in Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia\u201d, Library Hi Tech, Vol. 29 No. 3, pp. 512\u201028.","DOI":"10.1108\/07378831111174459"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b42","unstructured":"Liversidge, T., Hall, A., Walton, T. and Gill, A. (2009), \u201cUsing e\u2010book readers in student assessment\u201d, paper presented at the Higher Education Academy's Annual Conference, 30 June, Manchester."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lohmoller, J.B. (1989), Latent Variable Path Modelling with Partial Least Squares, Physica Verlag, Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-52512-4"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Looi, C.\u2010K. (2005), \u201cExploring the affordances of online chat for learning\u201d, International Journal of Learning Technology, Vol. 1 No. 3, pp. 322\u201038.","DOI":"10.1504\/IJLT.2005.006520"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacFadyen, H. (2011), \u201cThe reader's devices: the affordances of ebook readers\u201d, Dalhousie Journal of Interdisciplinary Management, Vol. 7, pp. 1\u201015.","DOI":"10.5931\/djim.v7i1.70"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maynard, S. (2010), \u201cThe impact of e\u2010books on young children's reading habits\u201d, Publishing Research Quarterly, Vol. 26 No. 4, pp. 236\u201048.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12109-010-9180-5"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b46","unstructured":"MobileRead (2011a), \u201cE\u2010book reader matrix\u201d, available at: http:\/\/wiki.mobileread.com\/wiki\/E\u2010book_Reader_Matrix (accessed 22 June 2011)."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b47","unstructured":"MobileRead (2011b), \u201cIliad software\u201d, available at: http:\/\/wiki.mobileread.com\/wiki\/Iliad_Software (accessed 22 June 2011)."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b48","unstructured":"MobileRead (2011c), \u201cMinimo installer for the iLiad (beta)\u201d, available at: www.mobileread.com\/forums\/showthread.php?t=15448 (accessed 22 June 2011)."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b51","unstructured":"Nokia (2011), Nokia N95 user guide, available at: www.nokia.co.nz\/support\/product\u2010support\/nokia\u2010n95\/user\u2010guides (accessed 22 June 2011)."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b49","unstructured":"Norman, D.A. (1988), The Psychology of Everyday Things, Basic Books, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norman, D.A. (1999), \u201cAffordances, conventions and design\u201d, Interactions, Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 38\u201043.","DOI":"10.1145\/301153.301168"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parsons, G. (2010), \u201cInformation provision for HE distance learners using mobile devices\u201d, The Electronic Library, Vol. 28 No. 2, pp. 231\u201044.","DOI":"10.1108\/02640471011033594"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pattuelli, M.S. and Rabina, D. (2010), \u201cForms, effects, function: LIS students' attitudes towards portable e\u2010book readers\u201d, Aslib Proceedings, Vol. 62 No. 3, pp. 228\u201044.","DOI":"10.1108\/00012531011046880"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Read, W., Robertson, N. and McQuilkena, L. (2011), \u201cA novel romance: the technology acceptance model with emotional attachment\u201d, Australasian Marketing Journal, Vol. 19 No. 4, pp. 223\u20109.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ausmj.2011.07.004"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Resta, P. and Laferriere, T. (2007), \u201cTechnology in support of collaborative learning\u201d, Educational Psychology Review, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 65\u201083.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-007-9042-7"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b56","unstructured":"Ringle, W., Wende, S. and Will, A. (2010), SmartPLS Release: 2.0 M3. Supply Management, University of Hamburg, available at: www.smartpls.de (accessed 8 May 2011)."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b72","unstructured":"Rogers, E. (2003), Diffusion of Innovations, 5th ed., The Free Press, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Franco, M.J. (2006), \u201cExploring the influence of gender on the web usage via partial least squares\u201d, Behaviour & Information Technology, Vol. 25 No. 1, pp. 19\u201036.","DOI":"10.1080\/01449290500124536"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schilit, B.N., Golovchinsky, G. and Price, M.N. (1998), \u201cBeyond paper: supporting active reading with free form digital ink annotations\u201d, Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 18\u201023 April, Los Angeles, CA, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 249\u201056.","DOI":"10.1145\/274644.274680"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, D.H. (2011), \u201cUnderstanding e\u2010book users: uses and gratification expectancy model\u201d, New Media & Society, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 260\u201078.","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444810372163"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suthers, D. (2005), \u201cTechnology affordances for intersubjective learning: a thematic agenda for CSCL\u201d, in Koschmann, T., Suthers, D. and Chan, T.W. (Eds), Proceedings of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning 2005: The Next 10 Years!, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 662\u201071.","DOI":"10.3115\/1149293.1149380"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b61","unstructured":"TapRoot (2011), Walking HotSpot, available at: www.walkinghotspot.com (accessed 22 June 2011)."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Topping, K.J. (2005), \u201cTrends in peer learning\u201d, Educational Psychology, Vol. 25 No. 6, pp. 631\u201045.","DOI":"10.1080\/01443410500345172"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vassiliou, M. and Rowley, J. (2008), \u201cProgressing the definition of \u2018e\u2010book\u2019\u201d, Library Hi Tech, Vol. 26 No. 3, pp. 355\u201068.","DOI":"10.1108\/07378830810903292"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson, R. and Landoni, M. (2003), \u201cEvaluating the usability of portable electronic books\u201d, Proceedings of the 2003 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC), Melbourne, March 9\u201012, Vol. 9\u201012, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 564\u20108.","DOI":"10.1145\/952532.952644"},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_b66","unstructured":"XAMPP (2011), XAMPP for Windows, available at: www.apachefriends.org\/en\/xampp\u2010windows.html (accessed 22 June 2011)."},{"key":"key2022020920483586700_frg64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venkatesh, V., Morris, M.G., Davis, G.B. and Davis, F.D. (2003), \u201cUser acceptance of information technology: toward a unified view\u201d, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 27 No. 3, pp. 425\u201078.","DOI":"10.2307\/30036540"}],"container-title":["The Electronic Library"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/02640471211252229","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/02640471211252229\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/02640471211252229\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:43:08Z","timestamp":1753400588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/el\/article\/30\/4\/516-542\/92240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,3]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/02640471211252229"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/02640471211252229","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-0473"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0264-0473"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,3]]}}}