{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:56:27Z","timestamp":1754157387819,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]],"date-time":"2006-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151712000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper aims to propose a novel computational framework called EvoPOL (EVOlving POLicies) to support governmental policy analysis in restricting recruitment of smokers. EvoPOL is a fuzzy inference\u2010based decision support system that uses an evolutionary algorithm (EA) to optimize the if\u2010then rules and its parameters. The performance of the proposed method is compared with a fuzzy inference method adapted using neural network learning technique (neuro\u2010fuzzy).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>EA is a population\u2010based adaptive method, which may be used to solve optimization problems, based on the genetic processes of biological organisms. The Takagi\u2010Sugeno fuzzy decision support system was developed based on three sub\u2010systems: fuzzification, fuzzy knowledge base (if\u2010then rules) and defuzzification. The fine\u2010tuning of the fuzzy rule base and membership function parameters is achieved by using an EA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed EvoPOL technique is simple and efficient when compared to the neuro\u2010fuzzy approach. However, EvoPOL attracts extra computational cost due to the population\u2010based hierarchical search process. When compared to neuro\u2010fuzzy model the error values on the test sets have improved considerably. Hence, when policy makers require more accuracy EvoPOL seems to be a good solution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>When policy makers require more accuracy EvoPOL seems to be a good solution. For complicated decision support systems involving more input variables, EvoPOL would be an excellent candidate for framing if\u2010then rules with precise decision scores that could help the government representatives as to what extent to concentrate on available social regulation measures in restricting the recruitment of smokers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920610662601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,4]],"date-time":"2006-07-04T06:45:54Z","timestamp":1151995554000},"page":"814-824","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["EvoPOL: a framework for optimising social regulation policies"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Ajith","family":"Abraham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Petrovic\u2010Lazarevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Coghill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022031619530798500_b2","unstructured":"Abraham, A. (2002), \u201cEvoNF: a framework for optimization of fuzzy inference systems using neural network learning and evolutionary computation\u201d, paper presented at the 17th IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control, ISIC'02, October, IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, pp. 327\u201032."},{"key":"key2022031619530798500_b1","unstructured":"Abraham, A. and Nath, B. (2000), \u201cEvolutionary design of fuzzy control systems \u2013 an hybrid approach\u201d, in Wang, J. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Sixth International Systems on Control Automation Robotics and Visions (ICARCV 2000)."},{"key":"key2022031619530798500_b3","unstructured":"Bachman, J.G., Wadsworth, K.N., O'Malley, P.M., Lloyd, D.J. and Schulenberg, J.E. (1977), Smoking Drinking and Drug Use in Young Adulthood, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ."},{"key":"key2022031619530798500_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beauchesne, L. 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