{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T05:56:58Z","timestamp":1760853418264,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3\/4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,10]],"date-time":"2009-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1239321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to overcome the deficiency of the current GM(1,N) such as low\u2010prediction precision, extend the scope of GM(1,N) and provide an effective grey dynamic model GM(1,N) for the relationship of cost and variability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relationship between two factors of variety and the cost of manufacturing system is studied on the basis of the variety reduction program theory. Based on the Grey system and the gradient algorithm, a Grey dynamic model GM(1,N) is proposed between cost and variety by optimizing the coefficient and background value of the model which is used to check validity for the relation of plasm\u2010yarn machine product and variety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed Grey dynamic prediction model GM(1,N) for the relationship of cost and variability has high precision and easy\u2010to\u2010use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>A Grey model GM(1,N) for prediction is proposed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed model should also have potential for multifactor system prediction in engineering.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The deficiency of the current GM(1,N) is overcome, the scope of GM(1,N) is extended and the proposed Grey dynamic model GM(1,N) has high\u2010prediction precision.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920910944137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,30]],"date-time":"2009-05-30T07:06:22Z","timestamp":1243667182000},"page":"435-440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Grey dynamic model GM(1,N) for the relationship of cost and variability"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Luo","family":"Youxin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Li","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cai","family":"Anhui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021119420393800_b5","unstructured":"Guan, J.H., Li, D.H., Shi, Y.H. and Cai, T. 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