{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:56:57Z","timestamp":1754157417226,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"7\/8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,7]],"date-time":"2009-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to present the ability of Z\u2010notation to formulate formal requirements specification of huge application software based on an example of the Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) Standard System. Z\u2010notation is using formal transformation approach to obtain operating software instead of traditional programming. The original MRP II software requirement specification possesses descriptive form extended by list of control questions. To make formal requirements specification, the original specification must be extending by some definition taken after <jats:italic>APICS Dictionary<\/jats:italic>. The definitions respect such concept as: item, item code, location, and order.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Writing schemas based on subsystem order of MRP II Standard System and treating the system as three level structures (user interface, business logic, and database), the schemas described business logic level only. As a conclusion was necessity to extend descriptive requirements specification by definitions. The limited size of the presentation contains few examples of formalization process only mainly limited to the main schemas as: item system (full definition), inventory system, bill of material, work centers and routings, generic order system, master production schedule, and material requirement planning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>As a result of the research, it can be said that Z\u2010notation apparatus is sufficient to build requirements specifications of big application systems like MRP II, enterprise resource planning, or customer relationship management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>Libraries of typical algorithms like MRP II designed through formal approach could replace traditional programming and open new prospects in the future development of broad computerization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920910976925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,5]],"date-time":"2009-10-05T10:51:15Z","timestamp":1254739875000},"page":"1216-1233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Selected MRP II Standard System requirements presented in Z\u2010notation"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Marek J.","family":"Greniewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022013120140680200_b1","unstructured":"APICS\u00ae (1995), APICS Dictionary, 8th ed., APICS\u00ae, The Education Society for Resource Management, Falls Church, VA."},{"key":"key2022013120140680200_b10","unstructured":"CZT\u2010Team (2007), \u201cCZT \u2013 Welcome to Community Z Tools\u201d, available at: http:\/\/czt.sourceforge.net\/ (accessed 4 September 2008)."},{"key":"key2022013120140680200_b2","unstructured":"Fowler, M. (2003), Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture, 1st ed., Addison\u2010Wesley, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022013120140680200_b3","unstructured":"Greniewski, M.J. (2007) in Wilimowska, Z., Borzemski, L., Grzech, A. and Swi\u0119tek, J. (Eds), Object oriented analysis of the MRP II Standard System, Information Systems and Technology \u2013 Application of Information Technology in Management System, Wroc\u0142aw University of Technology, Wroc\u0142aw, pp. 175\u201083."},{"key":"key2022013120140680200_b4","unstructured":"IEEE Std 830 (1998), IEEE Recommended Practice for Software Requirements Specifications \u2013 Description, IEEE, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022013120140680200_b5","unstructured":"ISO\/IEC 13568 (2002), International Standard Information Technology \u2013 Z Formal Specification Notation \u2013 Syntax, Type System and Semantics, 1st ed., ISO\/IEC 13568, Geneva."},{"key":"key2022013120140680200_b6","unstructured":"Jaworski, W.M. (2007), \u201cDynamic context of general strategies models\u201d, available at: http:\/\/freestraintdesign.com\/gsinc\/ (accessed 30 September 2008)."},{"key":"key2022013120140680200_b11","unstructured":"jEdit\u2010Core Team (2007), \u201cjEdit \u2013 programmer's text editor \u2013 overview\u201d, available at: www.jedit.org\/ (accessed 4 September 2008)."},{"key":"key2022013120140680200_b7","unstructured":"Landvater, D.V. and Gray, C.D. (1989a), MRP II Standard System, Oliver Wight, Essex Junction, VT."},{"key":"key2022013120140680200_b8","unstructured":"Landvater, D.V. and Gray, C.D. (1989b), MRP II Standard System \u2013 WoorkBook, Oliver Wight, Essex Junction, VT."},{"key":"key2022013120140680200_b9","unstructured":"Spivey, J.M. (1992), The Z Notation: A Reference Manual, 2nd ed., Prentice\u2010Hall, Oxford."}],"container-title":["Kybernetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/03684920910976925","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/03684920910976925\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/03684920910976925\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:53:43Z","timestamp":1753401223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/k\/article\/38\/7-8\/1216-1233\/272977"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jerzy","family":"J\u00f3zefczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,7]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7\/8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/03684920910976925"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/03684920910976925","relation":{},"ISSN":["0368-492X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0368-492X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,7]]}}}