{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:50:17Z","timestamp":1754157017488,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]],"date-time":"2009-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1255651200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:title>The purpose of this paper is to give broad\u2010spectrum analysis of general system theory, including the researching approach \u2013 dynamic structure approach, the study on general object system by broad\u2010spectrum analysis, and the study of general cognitive system by broad\u2010spectrum analysis, etc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>The theoretical basis of broad\u2010spectrum analysis is dynamic structuralism, which, therefore, leads to the fact that its methodology is dynamic structural methodology, including that from the perspective of generalized structure, that from the dynamic perspective (the fluxional viewpoint of structure and the transforming viewpoint of structure).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Findings<\/jats:title>Generalized structural models of general object system (including general thing system and general dynamic system, general cognitive system and general value system) are given in this paper. It shows a unique perspective of broad\u2010spectrum analysis, its close relationship with general system theory and the viewpoints of many questions in general system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>The details of the structural models in this paper have to be worked out.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Practical implications<\/jats:title>The methodological principle for us to analyze, study, optimize, and control the general system is provided.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>Generalized structural models of this paper originate from pansystem methodology and discrete mathematics. This paper has the value of methodology for those who are studying general systems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920910994385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,14]],"date-time":"2009-11-14T07:01:09Z","timestamp":1258182069000},"page":"1849-1855","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["On the broad\u2010spectrum analysis of general system theory"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Yu\u2010xiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022031720053097400_b5","unstructured":"Chao, G. (2006), \u201cOn the fundamental concepts of broad\u2010spectrum philosophy\u201d, Studies of Dialectics of Nature, Vol. 22 No. 10, pp. 101\u20104."},{"key":"key2022031720053097400_b6","unstructured":"Gao, X. (1998), On the Class\u2010change Ideas of Broad\u2010spectrum Philosophy, Higher Education Social Science, Today China Press, pp. 31\u20102."},{"key":"key2022031720053097400_b3","unstructured":"Guo, D., Wu, X., Zheng, L., Feng, X. and Li, Y. (2000), \u201cPansystems\u2010784e: duality and relativity\u201d, International Journal of Advances in Systems Science and Applications, No. 1, pp. 13\u201018."},{"key":"key2022031720053097400_b7","unstructured":"Li, Y., Li, Z., Chen, Y., Li, X. and Wu, X. (2000), \u201cPansystems relativity of observation\u201d, International Journal of Advances in Systems Science and Applications, No. 2, pp. 31\u20106."},{"key":"key2022031720053097400_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Y. (1995), \u201cSchool of pansystems analysis: its birth, growth, and achievements: an overall picture and first glance at its magnificent research\u201d, International Journal of Systems Science, Vol. 26 No. 8, pp. 1527\u201038.","DOI":"10.1080\/00207729508929116"},{"key":"key2022031720053097400_b4","unstructured":"Wu, X., Yu, L., Chen, X. and Fei, J. (2002), \u201cPnasystems generalized quantification and its application in audit risk assessment\u201d, International Journal of Advances in Systems Science and Applications, Vol. 2 No. 23, pp. 325\u201034."},{"key":"key2022031720053097400_b1","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. (1998), A Probe on Broad\u2010spectrum Philosophy, China Economy Press, Beijing."},{"key":"key2022031720053097400_b2","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. (2006), \u201cFundamental concepts, framework and application of broad\u2010spectrum philosophy\u201d, Studies in Dialectics of Nature, Vol. 22 No. 7, pp. 107\u201010."}],"container-title":["Kybernetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/03684920910994385","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/03684920910994385\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/03684920910994385\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:26:47Z","timestamp":1753399607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/k\/article\/38\/10\/1849-1855\/271867"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mian\u2010yun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/03684920910994385"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/03684920910994385","relation":{},"ISSN":["0368-492X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0368-492X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]]}}}