{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T04:56:06Z","timestamp":1769835366780,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,15]],"date-time":"2010-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1276560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to derive the optimal procurement policy of an item for a buyer and reduce the total cost to the buyer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a multi\u2010supplier setting and from the perspective of the buyer, the paper addresses long\u2010term supply contracts for a single item with total minimum commitments and order constraints each period. Under the conditions, the buyer agrees to procure at least a certain quantity of an item from every selected supplier over the predetermined plan horizon and the order constraints specify the minimum and maximum of the quantity purchased each period. An optimization model is developed minimizing the total cost to the buyer, including purchase, transportation, and storage cost of all periods. To derive the optimal procurement policy for the buyer, a two\u2010phase solution is proposed integrating multidimensional dynamic programming with heuristic method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The optimal procurement policies can be computed easily and result in a certain decrease on the total cost to the buyer. There may be multiple optimal procurement strategies resulting in the same total cost to the buyer. The commitments to the suppliers result in an increase on the total cost to the buyer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sensitivity analysis should be provided and uncertain demands should be considered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper presents a very useful approach to derive optimal procurement strategy for such buyers as project owners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper extends the total minimum commitment to a multi\u2010supplier setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/03684921011046762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,11]],"date-time":"2010-07-11T19:53:05Z","timestamp":1278877985000},"page":"990-999","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Optimal procurement strategies from multiple suppliers with total minimum commitments and order constraints"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Wu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaoyuan","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoudong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingfu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020520161612900_b8","unstructured":"Anupindi, R. (1993), \u201cSupply management under uncertainty\u201d, Graduate School of Industrial Administration, PhD thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213."},{"key":"key2022020520161612900_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bassok, Y. and Anupindi, R. (1997), \u201cAnalysis of supply contracts with total minimum commitment\u201d, IIE Transactions, Vol. 29 No. 5, pp. 373\u201081.","DOI":"10.1080\/07408179708966342"},{"key":"key2022020520161612900_b4","unstructured":"Dobler, D.W., Burt, D.N. and Lee, L. (1990), Purchasing and Materials Management Text and Cases, 5th ed., McGraw\u2010Hill, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022020520161612900_b7","unstructured":"Kumar, A. (1992), \u201cSupply contracts and manufacturing decisions\u201d, Graduate School of Industrial Administration, PhD thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213."},{"key":"key2022020520161612900_b11","unstructured":"Li, F., Zhao, F.Q. and Li, H.Y. (2003), \u201cResearch on the games between factories and wholesalers in a supply chain\u201d, Advances in Systems Science and Applications, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 83\u20106."},{"key":"key2022020520161612900_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, W., Yue, C.Y., Xie, H.S. and Chen, Y. (2007), \u201cMaterial supply optimization of large scale projects from a total cost of ownership perspective\u201d, Proceedings of Third International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC), IEEE Computer Society Press, Washington, DC, pp. 629\u201033.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNC.2007.466"},{"key":"key2022020520161612900_b3","unstructured":"Liu, H.X., Wang, H.W. and Yang, J.B. (2005), \u201cDynamic stability analysis of an inventory control system\u201d, Advances in Systems Science and Applications, Vol. 5 No. 3, pp. 359\u201067."},{"key":"key2022020520161612900_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moinzadeh, K. and Nahmias, S. (2000), \u201cAdjustment strategies for a fixed delivery contract\u201d, Operations Research, Vol. 48 No. 3, pp. 408\u201023.","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.48.3.408.12435"},{"key":"key2022020520161612900_b1","unstructured":"Ni, D.B. and Tang, X.W. (2006), \u201cRetailer's flexible ordering behavior and the bullwhip effect\u201d, Advances in Systems Science and Applications, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 127\u201033."},{"key":"key2022020520161612900_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tibben\u2010Lembke, R.S. (2004), \u201cN\u2010period contracts with ordering constraints and total minimum commitments: optimal and heuristic solutions\u201d, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 156, pp. 353\u201074.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00121-8"},{"key":"key2022020520161612900_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Urban, T.L. (2000), \u201cSupply contracts with periodic, stationary commitment\u201d, Production and Operations Management, Vol. 9 No. 4, pp. 400\u201013.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1937-5956.2000.tb00466.x"}],"container-title":["Kybernetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/03684921011046762\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/03684921011046762\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:27:00Z","timestamp":1753399620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/k\/article\/39\/6\/990-999\/271086"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hejing","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,15]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/03684921011046762"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/03684921011046762","relation":{},"ISSN":["0368-492X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0368-492X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,15]]}}}