{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T19:35:00Z","timestamp":1781292900725,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]],"date-time":"2006-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151712000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper seeks to provide an overview and update of thinking in relation to the theory and practice of formulation of answerable research questions within evidence based information practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper reviews the healthcare and information literature on question formulation, augmented by structured and purposive internet searches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although a few key authors have published extensively on all aspects of the evidence\u2010based information practice process, including question formulation, there is little in the way of empirical research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the absence of an empirical research base from within the specific domain of information practice, this conceptual paper extrapolates findings from healthcare research to general librarianship.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article models the process of question formulation using a proposed conceptual framework (SPICE) and encourages practitioners to identify their own practice\u2010based questions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first article specifically to address question formulation for a general (i.e. non\u2010health) library audience.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/07378830610692127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,26]],"date-time":"2006-09-26T07:28:06Z","timestamp":1159255686000},"page":"355-368","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":271,"title":["Clear and present questions: formulating questions for evidence based practice"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Booth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021920091820300_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrie, A.R. and Ward, A.M. (1997), \u201cQuestioning behaviour in general practice: a pragmatic study\u201d, British Medical Journal, Vol. 315, pp. 1512\u20105.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7121.1512"},{"key":"key2022021920091820300_b2","unstructured":"Bexon, N. (2005), \u201cEvidence\u2010based librarianship can be adopted by practising librarians, but there needs to be a greater emphasis on identifying relevant questions and applying the appraised evidence to real life\u201d, paper presented at the Implementation of Quality Systems and Certification of Biomedical Libraries, EAHIL Workshop, Palermo, 23\u201025 June."},{"key":"key2022021920091820300_b7","unstructured":"Booth, A. (2000), \u201cFormulating the question\u201d, in Booth, A. and Walton, G. (Eds), Managing Knowledge in Health Services, Library Association, London, pp. 197\u2010206."},{"key":"key2022021920091820300_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Booth, A. 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