{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:12:52Z","timestamp":1774541572289,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,23]],"date-time":"2010-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1290470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conversational agents are natural language interaction interfaces designed to simulate conversation with a real person. This paper seeks to investigate current development and applications of these systems worldwide, while focusing on their availability in Canadian libraries. It aims to argue that it is both timely and conceivable for Canadian libraries to consider adopting conversational agents to enhance \u2013 not replace \u2013 face\u2010to\u2010face human interaction. Potential users include library web site tour guides, automated virtual reference and readers' advisory librarians, and virtual story\u2010tellers. To provide background and justification for this argument, the paper seeks to review agents from classic implementations to state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art prototypes: how they interact with users, produce language, and control conversational behaviors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The web sites of the 20 largest Canadian libraries were surveyed to assess the extent to which specific language\u2010related technologies are offered in Canada, including conversational agents. An exemplified taxonomy of four pragmatic purposes that conversational agents currently serve outside libraries \u2013 educational, informational, assistive, and socially interactive \u2013 is proposed and translated into library settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>As of early 2010, artificially intelligent conversational systems have been found to be virtually non\u2010existent in Canadian libraries, while other innovative technologies proliferate (e.g. social media tools). These findings motivate the need for a broader awareness and discussion within the LIS community of these systems' applicability and potential for library purposes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper is intended for reflective information professionals who seek a greater understanding of the issues related to adopting conversational agents in libraries, as this topic is scarcely covered in the LIS literature. The pros and cons are discussed, and insights offered into perceptions of intelligence (artificial or not) as well as the fundamentally social nature of human\u2010computer interaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/07378831011096196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,27]],"date-time":"2010-11-27T07:01:19Z","timestamp":1290841279000},"page":"496-522","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Artificially intelligent conversational agents in libraries"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Victoria L.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yimin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lynne Marie","family":"Thorimbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021220002333100_b1","unstructured":"Active History (2009), Head2Head Interviews, available at: www.activehistory.co.uk\/Miscellaneous\/free_stuff\/head2head\/index.htm (accessed November 21, 2009)."},{"key":"key2022021220002333100_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9, E. and Rist, T. 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