{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:10:04Z","timestamp":1793293804255,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,27]],"date-time":"2009-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238112000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper's aim is to identify whether community\u2010level socioeconomic status (SES) predicts: screening test for pre\u2010diabetes; actual diagnosis of pre\u2010diabetes; or nutritional counseling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is an analysis of 1,348,124 insured adults receiving medical care from Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS) in 107 MHS clinics throughout Israel. The research population comprised 79 percent of the MHS members over 18 years of age in 2004\u20102006. Area level socioeconomic data were drawn from the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics SES index for every geographical area and each MHS clinic in the study was coded from: \u22121.03 to 2.73 (\u22121.03 indicating low SES and 2.73+ high SES) according to the SES index for the location. The fasting glucose laboratory test was used for analysis. Pre\u2010diabetes diagnosis was based on a fasting glucose above 100\u2009mg\/dl. Nutritional counseling was defined by dietitian visits in the claims database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The percentage of insured individuals who underwent blood glucose testing during the study increased with age from 67 percent at ages 18\u201045 to 92 percent for age 65 and over. The percentage of individuals diagnosed with pre\u2010diabetes also increased with age, rising from 4 percent in the younger group to 14 percent in those aged 46\u201065 and to 14\u201016 percent of 65 and older. The percentage of individuals with pre\u2010diabetes who visited a dietitian was 16\u201027 percent for those under 65 and 14\u201017 percent for those over 65 (males and females, respectively). Individuals living in lower socioeconomic areas were less likely to have blood tests. Among tested patients, the prevalence of pre\u2010diabetes was higher in areas of lower SES and their dietitian visits were less frequent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>In lower SES index areas, there is a need for better identification and treatment of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper shows that a proactive approach is needed both to detect pre\u2010diabetes and to encourage patients to receive nutritional treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/09526860910944647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,27]],"date-time":"2009-04-27T05:26:40Z","timestamp":1240810000000},"page":"157-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Does low socioeconomic status affect use of nutritional services by pre\u2010diabetes patients?"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ronit","family":"Endevelt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orna","family":"Baron\u2010Epel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Karpati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony David","family":"Heymann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020620004074200_b1","unstructured":"Adler, N.E. and Newman, K. 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