{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T18:08:12Z","timestamp":1754158092344,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]],"date-time":"2003-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite discussions of the increasingly global character of information systems (IS), IS research remains highly \u201cWestern\u2010centric\u201d both in terms of its subjects of study and the nationalities of the authors. Researchers interested in IS in non\u2010Western settings are thus reliant on a fragmented and not easily accessible literature that presents a potentially distorted picture of IS practice in these regions. This paper explores this situation through an examination of the literature relating to IS in Egypt (both directly, but also as a Middle Eastern, Arab or Islamic country). A macro analysis of these studies indicates that they are predominantly positivistic in epistemology, quantitative in methodology and focused on economic development and national culture. Although many of the studies make comparisons with other countries in the region, the explicit, or sometimes implicit, point of reference is almost invariably with \u201cthe West\u201d. This is repeated in a detailed analysis of individual studies. Implications of these findings for research on IS in non\u2010Western settings are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1108\/09593840310509653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,21]],"date-time":"2004-04-21T20:13:19Z","timestamp":1082578399000},"page":"440-460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Focusing on the invisible: the representation of IS in Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Gamila M.","family":"Shoib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2021010620325207800_b1","unstructured":"Abd Alhakim, H. (2001), \u201cIntellectual property of computer programs' protection from the angle of legislation necessity and technology efficiency (Egypt prospective issues)\u201d, in Kamel, S. 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(1997), \u201cInformation systems strategies for multinational companies in Arab Gulf countries\u201d, International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 3\u201012."},{"key":"key2021010620325207800_b5","unstructured":"Abdul\u2010Gader, A.H. and Al\u2010Bureay, M.A. (1993), \u201cAn Islamic perspective to information technology: management implications\u201d, in Weir, D.T.H. and Alwani, M.J. (Eds), Proceedings of the Arab Management Conference, Bradford, UK."},{"key":"key2021010620325207800_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdul\u2010Gader, A.H. and Kozar, K.A. (1995), \u201cThe impact of computer alienation on information technology investment decisions: an exploratory cross\u2010national analysis\u201d, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 19 No. 4, pp. 535\u201059.","DOI":"10.2307\/249632"},{"key":"key2021010620325207800_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdul Ghani, J. and Al\u2010Sakran, S. (1988), \u201cThe changing data processing environment in Saudi Arabia\u201d, Information and Management, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 61\u20106.","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7206(88)90049-3"},{"key":"key2021010620325207800_b8","unstructured":"Al\u2010Gahtani, S.S. (2001), \u201cThe applicability of the technology acceptance model outside North America: an empirical test in the Arab World\u201d, in Kamel, S. (Ed.), Proceedings of BitWorld 2001 Conference, Business Information Technology Management, Enabling Cultural Awareness, 4\u20106 June, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt."},{"key":"key2021010620325207800_b9","unstructured":"Ali, A.J. and Camp, R.C. (1995), \u201cTeaching management in the Arab world: confronting illusions\u201d, International Journal of Educational Management, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 10\u201017."},{"key":"key2021010620325207800_b10","unstructured":"Al\u2010Khaldi, M.A. and Ben\u2010Bakr, K.A. 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