{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T06:20:55Z","timestamp":1774678855364,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper aims to engage with the growing debate on the factors that affect e\u2010government adoption in the developing country of Jordan. The change from traditional interactions between government and citizens in Jordan to interaction via the web needs further exploration in order to understand the factors that might affect e\u2010government adoption by citizens. This paper therefore aims to report on a study to identify the main factors that influence citizens' intention to adopt e\u2010government websites in Jordan, using a theoretical framework consisting of diffusion of innovation theory (DOI) and the technology acceptance model (TAM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>A survey study of 400 Jordanian citizens who were internet users investigated the influence of the aforementioned factors on the adoption and use of e\u2010government websites. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Contrary to previous research, trust in the internet, relative advantage, compatibility and perceived ease of use were not found to be significant predictors of intention to use e\u2010government websites. Trust in government, website design, beliefs, complexity and perceived usefulness were significant factors in Jordanian citizens' intention to use e\u2010government websites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is one of the few to examine what influences adoption and use of e\u2010government websites by citizens in the Middle East. The study clearly identifies the relationship between the constructs of \u201cbeliefs\u201d (religious views) and website design and e\u2010government adoption, and explores the influence of attitudes towards e\u2010government adoption in Jordan. Although previous studies show similarities between the constructs related to DOI (relative advantage and complexity) and those related to TAM (perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEoU)), this research shows the importance of including these constructs when considering the topic of e\u2010government adoption in a Middle Eastern country.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/09593841211232712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,24]],"date-time":"2014-01-24T08:47:38Z","timestamp":1390553258000},"page":"207-234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Predictors for e\u2010government adoption in Jordan"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alomari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kuldeep","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b1","unstructured":"Abanumy, A., Al\u2010Badi, A. and Mayhew, P. (2005), \u201cE\u2010government website accessibility: in\u2010depth evaluation of Saudi Arabia and Oman\u201d, The Electronic Journal of e\u2010Government, Vol. 3 No. 3, pp. 99\u2010106."},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ajzen, I. and Fishbein, M. (1972), \u201cAttitudes and normative beliefs as factors influencing behavioral intentions\u201d, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 21 No. 1, pp. 1\u20109.","DOI":"10.1037\/h0031930"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al\u2010Omari, H. (2006), \u201cE\u2010government architecture in Jordan: a comparative analysis\u201d, Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 2 No. 11, pp. 846\u201052.","DOI":"10.3844\/jcssp.2006.846.852"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al\u2010Saggaf, Y. (2004), \u201cThe effect of online community on offline community in Saudi Arabia\u201d, The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries, Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 1\u201016.","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1681-4835.2004.tb00103.x"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aladwani, A.M. (2003), \u201cKey internet characteristics and e\u2010commerce issues in Arab countries\u201d, Information Technology and People, Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 9\u201020.","DOI":"10.1108\/09593840310462998"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alomari, M.K., Sandhu, K. and Woods, P. (2010), \u201cMeasuring social factors in e\u2010government adoption in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan\u201d, International Journal of Digit Society (IJDS), Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 163\u201072.","DOI":"10.20533\/ijds.2040.2570.2010.0017"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becker, S. (2004), \u201cA e\u2010government visual accessibility for older adult users\u201d, Social Science Computer Review, Vol. 22 No. 1, p. 11.","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439303259876"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00e9langer, F. and Carter, L. (2008), \u201cTrust and risk in e\u2010government adoption\u201d, The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 165\u201076.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2007.12.002"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertot, J.C. and Jaeger, P.T. (2006), \u201cUser\u2010centered e\u2010government: challenges and benefits for government web sites\u201d, Government Information Quarterly, Vol. 23 No. 2, pp. 163\u20108.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2006.02.001"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carter, L. and B\u00e9langer, F. (2005), \u201cThe utilization of e\u2010government services: citizen trust, innovation and acceptance factors\u201d, Information Systems Journal, Vol. 15 No. 1, p. 5.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2575.2005.00183.x"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, I.C., Li, Y.\u2010C., Hung, W.\u2010F. and Hwang, H.\u2010G. (2005), \u201cAn empirical study on the impact of quality antecedents on tax payers' acceptance of internet tax\u2010filing systems\u201d, Government Information Quarterly, Vol. 22 No. 3, pp. 389\u2010410.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2005.05.002"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charbaji, A. and Mikdashi, T. (2003), \u201cA path analytic study of the attitude toward e\u2010government in Lebanon\u201d, Corporate Governance, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 76\u201082.","DOI":"10.1108\/14720700310459872"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chau, P.Y.K. and Hu, P.J.H. (2001), \u201cInformation technology acceptance by individual professionals: a model comparison approach\u201d, Decision Sciences, Vol. 32 No. 4, pp. 699\u2010719.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00978.x"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b16","unstructured":"Chu, P.\u2010Y. and Wu, T.\u2010Z. (2005), \u201cIn\u2010depth citizen interaction with e\u2010government from taxpayers' behavioral perspectives\u201d, International Journal of the Information Systems for Logistics and Management, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 27\u201037."},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciborra, C. and Navarra, D.D. (2005), \u201cGood governance, development theory, and aid policy: risks and challenges of e\u2010government in Jordan\u201d, Information Technology for Development, Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 141\u201059.","DOI":"10.1002\/itdj.20008"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis, F.D. (1989), \u201cPerceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology\u201d, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 319\u201040.","DOI":"10.2307\/249008"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dimitrova, D.V. and Beilock, R. (2005), \u201cWhere freedom matters\u201d, The International Journal for Communication Studies, Vol. 67 No. 2, pp. 173\u201087.","DOI":"10.1177\/0016549205050130"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dugdale, A., Daly, A., Papandrea, F. and Maley, M. (2005), \u201cAccessing e\u2010government: challenges for citizens and organizations\u201d, International Review of Administrative Sciences, Vol. 71 No. 1, pp. 109\u201018.","DOI":"10.1177\/0020852305051687"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elsheikh, Y. and Cullen, A. (2008), \u201cE\u2010government in Jordan: challenges and opportunities\u201d, Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 83\u2010103.","DOI":"10.1108\/17506160810876176"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evans, D. and Yen, D.C. (2005), \u201cE\u2010government: an analysis for implementation: framework for understanding cultural and social impact\u201d, Government Information Quarterly, Vol. 22 No. 3, pp. 354\u201073.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2005.05.007"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b25","unstructured":"Fishbein, M. and Ajzen, I. (1975), Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research, Addison\u2010Wesley, Reading, MA."},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gefen, D. and Straub, D. (2000), \u201cThe relative importance of perceived ease of use in IS adoption: a study of e\u2010commerce adoption\u201d, Journal of Association for Information Systems, Vol. 1 No. 8, pp. 1\u201028.","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00008"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilbert, D. and Balestrini, P. (2004), \u201cBarriers and benefits in the adoption of e\u2010government\u201d, The International Journal of Public Sector Management, Vol. 17 No. 4, pp. 286\u2010301.","DOI":"10.1108\/09513550410539794"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunter, B. (2006), \u201cAdvances in e\u2010democracy: overview\u201d, Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives, Vol. 58 No. 5, pp. 361\u201070.","DOI":"10.1108\/00012530610692320"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b29","unstructured":"Hair, J.F. Jr, Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L. and Black, W.C. (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ."},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heeks, R.B. (2002), \u201cE\u2010government in Africa: promise and practice\u201d, Information Polity, Vol. 7 Nos 2\u20103, pp. 97\u2010114.","DOI":"10.3233\/IP-2002-0008"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill, C.E., Loch, K.D., Straub, D.W. and El\u2010Sheshai, K. (1998), \u201cA qualitative assessment of Arab culture and information technology transfer\u201d, Journal of Global Information Management, Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 28\u201038.","DOI":"10.4018\/jgim.1998070103"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b34","unstructured":"Hofheinz, A. (2005), \u201cThe internet in the Arab world: playground for political liberalization\u201d, International Politics and Society, Vol. 3, pp. 78\u201096."},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b33","unstructured":"Hofstede, G. (2009), \u201cGeert Hofstede cultural dimensions\u201d, available at: www.geert\u2010hofstede.com\/hofstede_arab_world.shtml (accessed 23 April 2010)."},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hung, S.\u2010Y., Chang, C.\u2010M. and Yu, T.\u2010J. (2006), \u201cDeterminants of user acceptance of the e\u2010Government services: the case of online tax filing and payment system\u201d, Government Information Quarterly, Vol. 23, pp. 97\u2010122.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2005.11.005"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarvenpaa, S.L., Tractinsky, N. and Vitale, M. (2000), \u201cConsumer trust in an internet store\u201d, Information Technology and Management, Vol. 1 Nos 1\u20102, p. 45.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019104520776"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Layne, K. and Lee, J. (2001), \u201cDeveloping fully functional e\u2010government: a four stage model\u201d, Government Information Quarterly, Vol. 18 No. 2, pp. 122\u201036.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(01)00066-1"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leonard, L.N.K., Cronan, T.P. and Kreie, J. (2004), \u201cWhat influences IT ethical behavior intentions \u2013 planned behavior, reasoned action, perceived importance, or individual characteristics?\u201d, Information & Management, Vol. 42 No. 1, pp. 143\u201058.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2003.12.008"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levi, M. and Stoker, L. (2000), \u201cPolitical trust and trustworthiness\u201d, Annual Review of Political Science, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 475\u2010507.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.polisci.3.1.475"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKnight, D.H., Choudhury, V. and Kacmar, C. (2002), \u201cDeveloping and validating trust measures for e\u2010commerce: an integrative typology\u201d, Information Systems Research, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 334\u201059.","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.13.3.334.81"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahrer, H. and Krimmer, R. (2005), \u201cTowards the enhancement of e\u2010democracy: identifying the notion of the 'middleman paradox'\u201d, Information Systems Journal, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 27\u201042.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2575.2005.00184.x"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayer, R.C., Davis, J.H. and Schoorman, F.D. (1995), \u201cAn integration model of organizational trust\u201d, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp. 709\u201034.","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1995.9508080335"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b47","unstructured":"Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MoICT) (2006a), \u201cJordan e\u2010government program: e\u2010government strategy\u201d, available at: http:\/\/moict.gov.jo\/e_gov_strategy\/e\u2010Government%20Strategy.pdf (accessed April 12, 2009)."},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b48","unstructured":"Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MoICT) (2006b), \u201cE\u2010readiness assessment of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan\u201d, available at: http:\/\/moict.gov.jo\/MoICT\/MoICT_Jordan_ereadiness.aspx (accessed April 16, 2009)."},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore, G.C. and Benbasat, I. (1991), \u201cDevelopment of an instrument to measure the perceptions of adopting an information technology innovation\u201d, Information Systems Research, Vol. 2 No. 3, pp. 192\u2010222.","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2.3.192"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b53","unstructured":"Norton, L. (2002), \u201cThe expanding universe: internet adoption in the Arab region\u201d, available at: www.worldmarketsanalysis.com\/InFocus2002\/articles\/middleeast_internet.html (accessed October 17, 2007)."},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ojha, A., Sahu, G.P. and Gupta, M.P. (2009), \u201cAntecedents of paperless income tax filing by young professionals in India: an exploratory study\u201d, Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 65\u201090.","DOI":"10.1108\/17506160910940740"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pavlou, P.A. (2003), \u201cConsumer acceptance of electronic commerce: integrating trust and risk with the technology acceptance model\u201d, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Vol. 7 No. 3, pp. 101\u201034.","DOI":"10.1080\/10864415.2003.11044275"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b56","unstructured":"Persaud, A. and Sehgal, P. (2005), \u201cAttitudes and perceptions of Canadians towards e\u2010government\u201d, paper presented at the International Conference on e\u2010Government, Suffolk University, Boston, MA, October 19\u201020."},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b57","unstructured":"Phang, C.W., Sutanto, J., Li, Y. and Kankanhalli, A. (2005), \u201cSenior citizens' adoption of e\u2010government: in quest of the antecedents of perceived usefulness\u201d, paper presented at the 38th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Big Island, HI, January 3\u20106."},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pons, A. (2004), \u201cE\u2010government for Arab countries\u201d, Journal of Global Information Technology Management, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 30\u201046.","DOI":"10.1080\/1097198X.2004.10856365"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reddick, C.G. (2004), \u201cA two\u2010stage model of e\u2010government growth: theories and empirical evidence for US cities\u201d, Government Information Quarterly, Vol. 21 No. 1, pp. 51\u201064.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2003.11.004"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b60","unstructured":"Rogers, E.M. (1983), Diffusion of Innovations, The Free Press, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schaupp, L.C. and Carter, L. (2005), \u201cE\u2010voting: from apathy to adoption\u201d, The Journal of Enterprise Information Management Science, Vol. 18 No. 5, pp. 586\u2010601.","DOI":"10.1108\/17410390510624025"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, A.G. (2001), \u201cApplying evaluation criteria to New Zealand government websites\u201d, International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 21 No. 2, pp. 137\u201049.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-4012(01)00006-8"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor, S. and Todd, P.A. (1995), \u201cUnderstanding information technology usage: a test of competing models\u201d, Information Systems Research, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 144\u201076.","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.6.2.144"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tornatzky, L.G. and Klein, K.J. (1982), \u201cInnovation characteristics and innovation adoption\u2010implementation: a meta\u2010analysis of findings\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 29 No. 1, pp. 28\u201043.","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.1982.6447463"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Slyke, C.V., Belanger, F. and Comunale, C.L. (2004), \u201cFactors influencing the adoption of web\u2010based shopping: the impact of trust\u201d, Database for Advances in Information Systems, Vol. 35 No. 2, pp. 32\u201049.","DOI":"10.1145\/1007965.1007969"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vassilakis, C., Lepouras, G., Fraser, J., Haston, S. and Georgiadis, P. (2005), \u201cBarriers to electronic service development\u201d, e\u2010Service Journal, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 41\u201063.","DOI":"10.1353\/esj.2006.0004"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venkatesh, V., Morris, M.G., Davis, G.B. and Davis, F.D. (2003), \u201cUser acceptance of information technology: toward a unified view\u201d, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 27 No. 3, pp. 425\u201078.","DOI":"10.2307\/30036540"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b68","unstructured":"Wang, L., Bretschneider, S. and Gant, J. (2005), \u201cEvaluation web\u2010based e\u2010government services with a citizen\u2010centric approach\u201d, paper presented at the 38th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Big Island, HI, January 3\u20106."},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b70","unstructured":"Wangpipatwong, S., Chutimaskul, W. and Papasratorn, B. (2008), \u201cUnderstanding citizen's continuance intention to use e\u2010government website: a composite view of technology acceptance model and computer self\u2010efficacy\u201d, The Electronic Journal of e\u2010Government, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 55\u201064."},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warkentin, M., Gefen, D., Pavlou, P.A. and Rose, G.M. (2002), \u201cEncouraging citizen adoption of e\u2010government by building trust\u201d, Electronic Markets, Vol. 12 No. 3, pp. 157\u201062.","DOI":"10.1080\/101967802320245929"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Welch, E.W., Hinnant, C.C. and Moon, M.J. (2005), \u201cLinking citizen satisfaction with e\u2010government and trust in government\u201d, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Vol. 15 No. 3, pp. 371\u201091.","DOI":"10.1093\/jopart\/mui021"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_b73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, P. and von Dran, G.M. (2000), \u201cSatisfiers and dissatisfiers: a two\u2010factor model for website design and evaluation\u201d, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 51 No. 14, pp. 1253\u201068.","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4571(2000)9999:9999<::AID-ASI1039>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_frg2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ajzen, I. (1991), \u201cThe theory of planned behavior\u201d, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 50 No. 2, pp. 179\u2010211.","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_frg4","unstructured":"Ajzen, I. and Fishbein, M. (1980), Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ."},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_frg18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Compeau, D.R. and Higgins, C.A. (1995), \u201cComputer self\u2010efficacy: development of a measure and initial test\u201d, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 19 No. 2, pp. 189\u2010211.","DOI":"10.2307\/249688"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_frg23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eschenfelder, K.R. and Beachboard, J.C. (1997), \u201cAccessing US federal government websites\u201d, Government Information Quarterly, Vol. 14 No. 2, p. 173.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(97)90018-6"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_frg30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hazlett, S.\u2010A. and Hill, F. (2003), \u201cE\u2010government: the realities of using IT to transform the public sector\u201d, Managing Service Quality, Vol. 13 No. 6, pp. 445\u201052.","DOI":"10.1108\/09604520310506504"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_frg36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaeger, P.T. and Thompson, K.M. (2003), \u201cE\u2010government around the world: lessons, challenges, and future directions\u201d, Government Information Quarterly, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 389\u201094.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2003.08.001"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_frg38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joseph, R.C. and Jeffers, P.I. (2009), \u201cE\u2010government in the Caribbean nations\u201d, Journal of Global Information Technology Management, Vol. 12 No. 1.","DOI":"10.1080\/1097198X.2009.10856485"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_frg39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, R. and Best, M.L. (2006), \u201cImpact and sustainability of e\u2010government services in developing countries: lessons learned from Tamil Nadu, India\u201d, Information Society, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 1\u201012.","DOI":"10.1080\/01972240500388149"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_frg40","unstructured":"Kumar, V., Mukerji, B., Butt, I. and Persaud, A. (2007), \u201cFactors for successful e\u2010government adoption: a conceptual framework\u201d, The Electronic Journal of e\u2010Government, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 63\u201076."},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_frg50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moon, B.\u2010J. (2004), \u201cConsumer adoption of the internet as an information search and product purchase channel: some research hypotheses\u201d, International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 104\u201018.","DOI":"10.1504\/IJIMA.2004.003692"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_frg49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moon, M.J. (2002), \u201cThe evolution of e\u2010government among municipalities: rhetoric or reality?\u201d, Public Administration Review, Vol. 62 No. 4, pp. 424\u201033.","DOI":"10.1111\/0033-3352.00196"},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_frg52","unstructured":"Mossenburg, K., Tolbert, C.J. and Stansbury, M. (2003), Virtual Inequality: Beyond The Digital Divide, George Washington University Press, Washington, DC."},{"key":"key2022031520441865700_frg69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y.\u2010S. (2003), \u201cThe adoption of electronic tax filing systems: an empirical study\u201d, Government Information Quarterly, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 333\u201052.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2003.08.005"}],"container-title":["Information Technology &amp; People"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/09593841211232712","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/09593841211232712\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/09593841211232712\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:37:13Z","timestamp":1753403833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/itp\/article\/25\/2\/207-234\/185280"}},"subtitle":["Deployment of an empirical evaluation based on a citizen\u2010centric approach"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/09593841211232712"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/09593841211232712","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-3845"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-3845","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]}}}