{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T14:25:21Z","timestamp":1774448721923,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]],"date-time":"2013-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363305600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:title>A significant amount of empirical research has been conducted on the socio\u2010economic (sociological, psychological, economic) aspects of information security, such as the phenomenon of individuals who are willing to take security measures, but often do not. There is a growing body of research relating to individual behaviour and decision making and the purpose of this paper is to analyze a survey on the behaviour of individuals who implement information security measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>To promote effective information security measures, this paper refers to research on the psychology of persuasion from the field of social psychology. A survey was conducted into determinants for changing attitudes through persuasive messages, and the results were analysed. A questionnaire was used and the authors built a demonstrative experimental environment, which analysed in detail attitudinal changes in an individuals' behaviour.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Findings<\/jats:title>The authors found differences in behaviour regarding the intent to implement measures discovered from the responses to the questionnaire as well as from actual conduct in the demonstrative experiment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>It is original to adopt a model defined by social psychology, especially Protection Motivation Theory and Elaborative Likelihood Model. The authors conducted both questionnaire survey and the psychological experiment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/09685221311314383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,25]],"date-time":"2013-03-25T11:54:23Z","timestamp":1364212463000},"page":"5-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Human aspects of information security"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ayako","family":"Komatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Takagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Takemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021220364902500_b1","unstructured":"Anderson, R. (2001), \u201cWhy information security is hard \u2013 an economic perspective\u201d, ACSAC '01: Proceedings of the 17th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC."},{"key":"key2022021220364902500_b2","unstructured":"CCC (2011), Achievements of the Cyber Clean Center, Cyber Clean Center, available at: www.ccc.go.jp\/en_report\/201101\/index.html."},{"key":"key2022021220364902500_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christin, N., Egelman, S., Vidas, T. and Grossklags, J. (2011), \u201cIt's all about the Benjamins: an empirical study on incentivizing users to ignore security advice\u201d, FC'11 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-27576-0_2"},{"key":"key2022021220364902500_b4","unstructured":"Cross Marketing Ltd (2012), available at: http:\/\/global.cross\u2010m.co.jp\/ (accessed 25 April 2012)."},{"key":"key2022021220364902500_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Egelman, S., Cranor, L. and Hong, J. (2008), \u201cYou've been warned: an empirical study on the effectiveness of web browser phishing warnings\u201d, CHI '08: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357219"},{"key":"key2022021220364902500_b6","unstructured":"Fukada, H. (2002), Handbook for Persuasion Psychology, Kita\u2010ohji Publishing, Kyoto (in Japanese)."},{"key":"key2022021220364902500_b7","unstructured":"JNSA (2010), Survey Report for the Information Security Incident in 2009, Japan Network Security Association, Tokyo (in Japanese), available at: www.jnsa.org\/result\/incident\/2009.html."},{"key":"key2022021220364902500_b8","unstructured":"JPA (2011), JPA Code of Ethics, The Japanese Psychological Association, Tokyo, available at: www.psych.or.jp\/members\/rinri.html."},{"key":"key2022021220364902500_b9","unstructured":"Komatsu, A., Takagi, D. and Matsumoto, T. (2010), \u201cEmpirical study on cognitive structures and personal gain in information security countermeasure\u201d, Journal of IPSJ, Vol. 51, pp. 1711\u201025 (in Japanese)."},{"key":"key2022021220364902500_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petty, E. and Cacioppo, R.J. (1986), \u201cThe elaboration likelihood model of persuasion\u201d, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 19.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60214-2"},{"key":"key2022021220364902500_b12","unstructured":"Rogers, R.W. (1983), \u201cCognitive and physiological process in fear appeals and attitude change\u201d, A Revised Theory of Protection Motivation Theory, Social Psychophysiology, Acadamic Press, New York, NY, pp. 153\u201076."},{"key":"key2022021220364902500_b13","unstructured":"Sugiura, T., Komatsu, A., Ueda, M. and Yamada, Y. (2008), \u201cChallenge to information security economics\u201d, Proceedings of Computer Security Symposium 2008, pp. 725\u201030 (in Japanese)."},{"key":"key2022021220364902500_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tozuka, T. and Fukada, H. (2005), \u201cStudy of the collective protection model for threat appeal persuasion\u201d, The Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 44 No. 1, pp. 54\u201061.","DOI":"10.2130\/jjesp.44.54"},{"key":"key2022021220364902500_b15","unstructured":"Woon, I., Tan, G.\u2010W. and Low, R. (2005), \u201cA protection motivation theory approach to home wireless security\u201d, Proceedings of ICIS 2005 International Conference on Information Systems, Paper 31."}],"container-title":["Information Management & Computer Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/09685221311314383","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/09685221311314383\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/09685221311314383\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:09:26Z","timestamp":1753402166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ics\/article\/21\/1\/5-15\/176394"}},"subtitle":["An empirical study of intentional versus actual behavior"],"editor":[{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Furnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/09685221311314383"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/09685221311314383","relation":{},"ISSN":["0968-5227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0968-5227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]]}}}