{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T06:12:09Z","timestamp":1775283129588,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>User\u2010created metadata, often referred to as folksonomy or social classification, has received a considerable amount of attention in the digital library world. Social tagging is perceived as a tool for enhancing description of digital objects and providing a venue for user input and greater user engagement. This article seeks to examine the pros and cons of user\u2010generated metadata in the context of digital image collections and compares it to professionally created metadata schema and controlled vocabulary tools.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The article provides an overview of challenges to concept\u2010based image indexing. It analyzes the characteristics of social classification and compares images described by users to a set of images indexed in a digital collection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The article finds that user\u2010generated metadata vary in the level of description, accuracy, and consistency and do not provide a solution to the challenges of image indexing. On the other hand, they reflects user's language and can lead toward user\u2010centered indexing and greater user engagement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Social tagging can be implemented as a supplement to professionally created metadata records to provide an opportunity for users to comment on images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The article introduces the idea of user\u2010centered image indexing in digital collections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/10650750610706998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,15]],"date-time":"2007-01-15T13:47:53Z","timestamp":1168868873000},"page":"283-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Towards user\u2010centered indexing in digital image collections"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Krystyna K.","family":"Matusiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020220341477500_b1","unstructured":"Archives of CONTENTDM\u2010L@OCLC.ORG (2005), \u201cWeb2.0 features for CONTENTdm?\u201d, December, Week 1, available at: http:\/\/listserv.oclc.org\/archives\/contentdm\u2010l.html."},{"key":"key2022020220341477500_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armitage, L.H. and Enser, P.G.B. 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