{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T01:45:50Z","timestamp":1762998350203,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]],"date-time":"2000-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":970358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Examines the use of query reformulation, and particularly the use of relevance feedback by users of the Excite Web search engine. A total of 985 user search sessions from a data set of 18,113 user search sessions containing 51,473 queries were examined. Includes a qualitative and quantitative analysis of 191 user sessions including more than one query, to examine patterns of user query reformulation; and second, all 804 user sessions including relevance feedback were examined. Results show limited use of query reformulation and relevance feedback by Excite users \u2013 only one in five users reformulated queries. Most relevance feedback sessions were successful. Identifies the most common pattern of searching and discusses implications for Web search system design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1108\/10662240010342621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T02:08:10Z","timestamp":1027735690000},"page":"317-328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Use of query reformulation and relevance feedback by Excite users"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Amanda","family":"Spink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bernard J.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Cenk Ozmultu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020820083844900_B1","unstructured":"Chu, H. and Rosenthal, M. (1996), \u201cSearch engines for the World Wide Web: a comparative study and evaluation methodology\u201d, Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, Baltimore, MD, October pp. 127\u201035."},{"key":"key2022020820083844900_B2","unstructured":"Ding, W. and Marchionini, G. (1996), \u201cA comparative study of Web search service performance\u201d, Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the American Society  for Information Science, Baltimore, MD, October,  pp. 136\u201042."},{"key":"key2022020820083844900_B3","unstructured":"Efthimiadis, E. (1996), \u201cQuery expansion\u201d, Annual Review  of Information Science and Technology, Vol. 31,  pp. 121\u201088."},{"key":"key2022020820083844900_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gordon, M. and Pathak, P. (1999), \u201cFinding information on the World Wide Web: The retrieval effectievness of search engines\u201d, Information Processing and Management, Vol. 35, pp. 141\u201080.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(98)00041-7"},{"key":"key2022020820083844900_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harman, D.K. (1992), \u201cRelevance feedback revisited\u201d, in Belkin, N.J., Ingwersen, P. and Pejtersen, A.M. (Eds), SIGIR 92: Proceedings of the Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval (ACM\/SIGIR) 15th Annual International Conference of Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 21\u201024 June, pp. 1\u201010.","DOI":"10.1145\/133160.133167"},{"key":"key2022020820083844900_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huberman, B.A., Pirolli, P., Pitkow, J.E. and Lukose, R.M. (1998), \u201cStrong regularities in World Wide Web surfing\u201d, Science, Vol. 280 No. 5360, pp. 95\u20107.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5360.95"},{"key":"key2022020820083844900_B7","unstructured":"Jansen, B.J., Spink, A. and Saracevic, T. (1999), \u201cThe use of relevance feedback on the Web\u201d, Proceedings of WebNet 99, Hawaii, October."},{"key":"key2022020820083844900_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawrence, and Giles, C.L. (1998), \u201cSearching the World Wide Web\u201d, Science, Vol. 280 No. 5360, pp. 98\u2010100.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5360.98"},{"key":"key2022020820083844900_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jansen, B.J., Spink, A. and Saracevic, T. (2000), \u201cReal life and real users: a study and analysis of user queries on the Web\u201d, Information Processing and Management, Vol. 36 No. 2, pp. 207\u201027.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00056-4"},{"key":"key2022020820083844900_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peters, T.A. (1993), \u201cThe history and development of transaction log analysis\u201d, Library Hi Tech, Vol. 4 No. 2, pp. 41\u201066.","DOI":"10.1108\/eb047884"},{"key":"key2022020820083844900_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spink, A., Bateman, J. and Jansen, B.J. (1999), \u201cSearching the Web: survey of Excite users\u201d, Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 117\u201028.","DOI":"10.1108\/10662249910264882"},{"key":"key2022020820083844900_B12","unstructured":"Spink, A. and Losee, R.M. (1996), \u201cFeedback in information retrieval\u201d, in Williams, M. (Ed.), Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Vol. 31,  pp. 33\u201078."},{"key":"key2022020820083844900_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spink, A. and Saracevic, T. (1997), \u201cInteraction in information retrieval: selection and effectiveness of search terms\u201d, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 48 No. 8, pp. 728\u201040.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199708)48:8<741::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"key2022020820083844900_B14","unstructured":"Spink, A., Jansen, B.J., Chang, C. and Goz, A. (1999), \u201cUsers\u2019 interactions with the Excite Web search engine: a query reformulation and relevance feedback analysis\u201d, Proceedings of the 1999 Canadian Association for Information Science (CAIS) Conference, Sherbrooke, Canada, June, pp. 342\u201054."},{"key":"key2022020820083844900_B15","unstructured":"Tillotson, J., Cherry, J. and Clinton, M. (1995), \u201cInternet use through the University of Toronto: demographics, destinations and users\u2019 reactions\u201d, Information Technology and Libraries, September, pp. 190\u20108."},{"key":"key2022020820083844900_B16","unstructured":"Tomaiuolo, N.G. and Packer, J.G. (1996), \u201cAn analysis of Internet search engines: assessment of over 200 search queries\u201d, Computers in Libraries, Vol. 16 No. 6, pp. 58\u201062."}],"container-title":["Internet Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/10662240010342621","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/10662240010342621\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/10662240010342621\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:39:39Z","timestamp":1753400379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/intr\/article\/10\/4\/317-328\/175824"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/10662240010342621"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/10662240010342621","relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-2243"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1066-2243"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]}}}