{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T05:35:26Z","timestamp":1784871326408,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1244160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this paper is to develop a theoretical model that enables us to examine the antecedents and consequences effects of members' helping behavior in online communities. It also aims to develop a complete model for empirical testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample is 425 participants including nine online communities in Taiwan, including Yahoo! Kimo, CPB, Sony music, etc.. who were contacted and asked to participate in the study. Data were collected between August and December 2007 via the web for Internet users using a standardized questionnaire. Excluding those surveys that were undeliverable and those who believed that it was inappropriate to respond, the overall effective response rate was 84 percent (355 of 425).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The empirical results suggested that online communities members' helping behavior represents a large pool of product know\u2010how. They seem to be a promising source of innovation capabilities for new product development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The research only aims to experimentally investigate complete model of helping behavior in online communities. But this research has not dealt with a double role of online communities' members so far, linking innovation with commercialization. They seem to be a promising source of innovation capabilities for new product development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The phenomenon of helping behavior among members may become a major source and channel for information in the decision making process for the purchase of products. Therefore, a major finding derived from the empirical application is that community members are capable and willing to contribute to virtual co\u2010development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many variables have been evaluated for their influences on the helping behaviors of the members of the online communities. However, none of the previous studies have integrated these variables into a more comprehensive framework.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/10662240910965351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,6]],"date-time":"2009-06-06T07:05:33Z","timestamp":1244271933000},"page":"279-292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["A study of members' helping behaviors in online community"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kuo\u2010Ming","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, J.C. and Gerbing, D.W. (1988), \u201cStructural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two\u2010step approach\u201d, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 103 No. 3, pp. 411\u201023.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.103.3.411"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bandura, A. (1991), \u201cSocial cognitive theory of self\u2010 regulation\u201d, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, Vol. 50 No. 2, pp. 248\u201087.","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90022-L"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b3","unstructured":"Batson, C.D. (1998), \u201cAltruism and prosocial behavior\u201d, The Handbook of Social Psychology, 4th ed., McGraw\u2010Hill, New York, NY, pp. 282\u2010316."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumgartner, H. and Homburg, C. (1996), \u201cApplications of structural equation modeling in marketing and consumer research: a review\u201d, International Journal of Research in Marketing, Vol. 13, pp. 139\u201061.","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8116(95)00038-0"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b5","unstructured":"Baym, N. (1999), \u201cThe emergence of community in computer\u2010mediated communication\u201d, in Jones, S.G. (Ed.), CyberSociety: Computer\u2010mediated Communication and Community, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 138\u201063."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanchard, A.L. and Markus, M.L. (2004), \u201cThe experienced \u2018sense\u2019 of a virtual community: characteristics and processes\u201d, The Data Base for Advanced Information Systems, Vol. 35 No. 1, pp. 64\u201079.","DOI":"10.1145\/968464.968470"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b7","unstructured":"Burnett, G. and Buerkle, H. (2004), \u201cInformation exchange in virtual communities: a comparative study\u201d, Journal of Computer\u2010mediated Communication, Vol. 9 No. 2, available at: www.ascusc.org\/jcmc\/vol9\/issue2\/burnett.html (accessed October 1, 2004)."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b8","unstructured":"Butler, B., Sproull, L., Kiesler, S. and Kraut, R. (2002), \u201cCommunity effort in online groups: who does the work and why?\u201d, in Weisband, S. and Atwater, L. (Eds), Leadership at a Distance, available at: http:\/\/opensource.mit.edu\/papers\/butler.pdf (accessed January 2, 2004)."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemmensen, T. (2005), \u201cCommunity knowledge in an emerging online professional community: the case of sigchi.dk\u201d, Knowledge and Process Management, Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 1\u201010.","DOI":"10.1002\/kpm.206"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemmensen, T. (2007), \u201cThe psychology of online sociability: theory and examples\u201d, in Heilesen, S.B. and Jensen, S.S. (Eds), Designing for Networked Communications: Strategies and Development, Idea Group Publishing, Hershey, PA.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59904-069-1.ch010"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cook, K.S. (2005), \u201cNetworks, norms, and trust: the social psychology of social capital\u201d, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 68 No. 1, pp. 4\u201014.","DOI":"10.1177\/019027250506800102"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cross, R., Parker, A., Prusak, L. and Borgatti, S.P. (2001), \u201cKnowing what we know: supporting knowledge creation and sharing in social networks\u201d, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp. 100\u201020.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-2616(01)00046-8"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daft, R.L. and Lengel, R.H. (1986), \u201cOrganizational information requirements, media richness and structural design\u201d, Management Science, Vol. 32 No. 5, pp. 554\u201072.","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.32.5.554"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b12","unstructured":"Davenport, T.H. and Prusak, L. (1998), Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dholakia, U.M., Bagozzi, R. and Pearo, L.K. (2004), \u201cA social influence model of consumer participation in network\u2010 and small\u2010group\u2010based virtual communities\u201d, International Journal of Research in Marketing, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 241\u201063.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijresmar.2003.12.004"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b13","unstructured":"Dunbar, R. (1996), Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, Faber Faber and Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fetterman, D.M. (2002), \u201cEmpowerment evaluation: building communities of practice and a culture of learning\u201d, American Journal of Community Psychology, Vol. 30 No. 1, pp. 89\u2010102.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014324218388"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finholt, T. and Sproull, L. (1990), \u201cElectronic groups at work\u201d, Organization Science, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 41\u201064.","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.1.1.41"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fornell, C. and Larcker, D. (1981), \u201cStructural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error\u201d, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 39\u201050.","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b17","unstructured":"Franke, N. and Shah, S. (2001), \u201cHow community matters for user innovation: the open source of sports innovation\u201d, Sloan Working Paper No. 4164, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b18","unstructured":"Galston, W.A. (1999), \u201cHow does the Internet affect community?\u201d, in Kamarck, E.C. and Nye, J.S. (Eds), Democracy.com? Governance in a Networked World, Hollis Publishing, Hollis, NH, pp. 45\u201069."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b19","unstructured":"Grootaert, C. and Bastelaert, T.V. (2002), The Role of Social Capital in Development, An Empirical Assessment, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall, H. and Graham, D. (2004), \u201cCreation and recreation: motivating collaboration to generate knowledge capital in online communities\u201d, International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 235\u201046.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2004.02.004"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b21","unstructured":"Hann, D., Glowacki\u2010Dudka, M. and Conceicao\u2010Runlee, S. (2000), 147 Practical Tips for Teaching Online Groups: Essentials of Web\u2010based Education, Atwood Publishing, Madison, WI."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hendriks, P. (1999), \u201cWhy share knowledge? The influence of ICT on motivation for knowledge sharing\u201d, Knowledge and Process Management, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 91\u2010100.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1441(199906)6:2<91::AID-KPM54>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hopkins, L., Thomas, J., Meredyth, D. and Ewing, S. (2004), \u201cSocial capital and community building through an electronic network\u201d, Australian Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 39 No. 4, pp. 369\u201079.","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1839-4655.2004.tb01188.x"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horan, W.P., Brown, S.A. and Blanchard, J.J. (2007), \u201cSocial anhedonia and schizotypy: the contribution of individual differences in affective traits, stress, and coping\u201d, Psychiatry Research, Vol. 149 Nos 1\u20103, pp. 147\u201056.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.06.002"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b24","unstructured":"Horrigan, J.B. (2001), Online Communities: Networks that Nurture Long\u2010distance Relationships and Local Ties, Pew Internet and American life Project, available at: http:\/\/pewInternet.org."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b25","unstructured":"Hutchins, E. (1990), \u201cThe technology of team navigation\u201d, in Galegher, J.R., Kraut, R.E. and Egido, L. (Eds), Intellectual Teamwork: Social and Technological Foundations of Co\u2010operative Work, Psychology Press, Hove."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b26","unstructured":"Katzenback, J.R. and Smith, D.K. (1993), The Wisdom of Teams: Creating the High\u2010performance Organization, Mckinsey & Company, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b27","unstructured":"Kearsley, G. (2000), Online Education: Learning and Teaching in Cyberspace, Wadsworth\/Thomson Learning, Belmont, CA."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koh, J. and Kim, Y. (2003), \u201cSense of virtual community: a conceptual framework and empirical validation\u201d, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Vol. 8 No. 2, pp. 75\u201093.","DOI":"10.1080\/10864415.2003.11044295"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b29","unstructured":"Kollock, P. (1999), \u201cThe economies of online cooperation: gifts and public goods in cyberspace\u201d, in Smith, M.A. and Kollock, P. (Eds), Communities in Cyberspace, Routledge, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b31","unstructured":"Lesser, E. and Everest, K. (2001), \u201cUsing communities of practice to manage intellectual capital\u201d, Ivey Business Journal, pp. 37\u201041."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b32","unstructured":"Mathwick, C. and Klebba, J. (2003), \u201cThe nature and value of virtual community participation\u201d, Proceedings of the Summer AMA Educators' Conference."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b33","unstructured":"Mohrman, S.A., Cohen, S.G. and Mohrman, A.M. (1995), Designing Team\u2010based Organizations, Jossey\u2010Bass, San Francisco, CA, p. 389."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nahapiet, J. and Ghoshal, S. (1998), \u201cSocial capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage\u201d, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23 No. 2, pp. 242\u201066.","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1998.533225"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nonaka, I. (1994), \u201cA dynamic theory of organization knowledge creation\u201d, Organization Science, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 14\u201037.","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.5.1.14"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelled, L.H., Eisenhardt, K.M. and Xin, K.R. (1999), \u201cExploring the black box: an analysis of work group diversity, conflict, and performance\u201d, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 44 No. 1, pp. 1\u201028.","DOI":"10.2307\/2667029"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pickering, J.M. and King, J.L. (1992), \u201cHardwiring weak ties: individual and institutional issues in computer mediated communication\u201d, Proceedings of CSCW, Vol. 92, pp. 356\u201061.","DOI":"10.1145\/143457.143547"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porter, E.C. (2004), \u201cA typology of virtual communities: a multi\u2010disciplinary foundation for future research\u201d, Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, Vol. 10 No. 1.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2004.tb00228.x"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raban, D.R. and Rafaeli, S. (2007), \u201cInvestigating ownership and the willingness to share information online\u201d, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 23 No. 5, pp. 2367\u201082.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2006.03.013"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b40","unstructured":"Raymond, E.S. (2003), \u201cThe hacker milieu as gift culture\u201d, available at: http:\/\/futurepositive.synearth.net \/stories\/storyReader$223."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rheingold, H. (2000), The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier, 2nd ed., MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7105.001.0001"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b42","unstructured":"Rodon, J., Cataldo, C. and Christiaanse, E. (2005), \u201cAntecedents of knowledge sharing and effectiveness of online professional communities: a conceptual model\u201d, paper presented at the EURAM 2005, TUM Business School, Munich, May 4\u20107."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b43","unstructured":"Ruuskanen, P. (2004), \u201cSocial capital and innovations in small and medium sized enterprises\u201d, paper to presented at the DRUID Summer Conference, Elsinore, Denmark, Theme F."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, M.A. (2002), \u201cTools for navigating large social cyberspaces\u201d, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 45 No. 4, pp. 51\u20105.","DOI":"10.1145\/505248.505272"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b45","unstructured":"Subramani, M.R. and Peddibhotla, N. (2004), \u201cDeterminants of helping behaviors in online groups: a conceptual model\u201d, paper presented at the Academy of Management Conference, New Orleans, LA."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor\u2010Greene, S., Brown, D., Nelson, L., Longton, J., Gassman, T., Cohen, J., Swartz, J., Horner, R., Sugai, G. and Hall, S. (1997), \u201cSchool\u2010wide behavioral support: starting the year off right\u201d, Journal of Behavioral Education, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 99\u2010112.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022849722465"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uzzi, B. and Lancaster, R. (2003), \u201cRelational embeddedness and learning: the case of bank loan managers and their clients\u201d, Management Science, Vol. 49 No. 4, pp. 383\u201099.","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.49.4.383.14427"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b48","unstructured":"von Iwan, W., Katja, R. and Thorsten, T. (2004), \u201cThe creation of social and intellectual capital in virtual communities of practice\u201d, Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Organizational Knowledge, Learning and Capabilities."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y. and Fesenmaier, D.R. (2004), \u201cModeling participation in an online travel community\u201d, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 42 No. 3, pp. 261\u201070.","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287503258824"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wasko, M.M. and Faraj, S. (2000), \u201c\u2018It is what one does\u2019: why people participate and help others in electronic communities of practice\u201d, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 155\u201073.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0963-8687(00)00045-7"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wind, Y. and Mahajan, V. (2002), \u201cConvergence marketing\u201d, Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 64\u201079.","DOI":"10.1002\/dir.10009"},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_b52","unstructured":"Zhang, W. and Storck, J. (2001), \u201cPeripheral members in online communities\u201d, Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems, Boston, MA."},{"key":"key2022021420414893600_frg30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lengel, R.H. and Daft, R.L. (1988), \u201cThe selection of communication media as an executive skill\u201d, Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 2 No. 3, pp. 225\u201032.","DOI":"10.5465\/ame.1988.4277259"}],"container-title":["Internet Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/10662240910965351","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/10662240910965351\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/10662240910965351\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:40:22Z","timestamp":1753400422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/intr\/article\/19\/3\/279-292\/183660"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/10662240910965351"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/10662240910965351","relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-2243"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-2243","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]}}}