{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T02:48:05Z","timestamp":1775702885886,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]],"date-time":"2009-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1255651200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aims of this paper are to provide an integrated literature review of factors influencing consumers' responses to brand websites; to describe the state of research in the past ten years; and to give an overview of the theories used in brand website studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a vote\u2010counting procedure, 736 findings from 50 empirical studies are synthesized. In a vote\u2010counting analysis the number of positive and negative significant relations between the same two variables is compared to the number of non\u2010significant relationships.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis reveals which person\u2010related factors (e.g. involvement or flow) and website\u2010related factors (e.g. usability or interactivity) influence responses to websites and brands. To explain such responses many studies integrate new theoretical concepts (e.g. interactivity or telepresence) into traditional theories. Furthermore, the review shows that the current state of research is limited by the use of forced exposure, student samples and the measurement of affective responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study investigates an increasingly popular approach to promote brands at the internet: the use of brand websites. The study gives insight into factors influencing the effectiveness of these websites. Marketers can use this knowledge to improve the effectiveness of their websites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper provides a valuable contribution to the literature on brand websites. The paper can form the basis for future research on this topic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/10662240920998887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,13]],"date-time":"2010-02-13T07:04:27Z","timestamp":1266044667000},"page":"535-565","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Consumers' responses to brand websites: an interdisciplinary review"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Hilde A.M.","family":"Voorveld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Neijens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edith G.","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amichai\u2010Hamburger, Y., Fine, A.F. and Goldstein, A. (2004), \u201cThe impact of internet interactivity and need for closure on consumer preference\u201d, Computers in Human Behaviour, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 103\u201017.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00041-4"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amichai\u2010Hamburger, Y., Kaynar, O. and Fine, A.F. (2006), \u201cThe effects of need for cognition on internet use\u201d, Computers in Human Behaviour, Vol. 23 No. 1, pp. 880\u201091.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2006.03.002"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balasubramanian, S.K., Karrh, J.A. and Patwardhan, H. (2006), \u201cAudience response to product placement: an integrative research framework and future research agenda\u201d, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 35 No. 3, pp. 115\u201041.","DOI":"10.2753\/JOA0091-3367350308"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b4","unstructured":"Barry, T.F. (1987), \u201cThe development of the hierarchy of effects: an historical perspective\u201d, Current Issues and Research in Advertising, Vol. 10 No. 2, pp. 251\u201095."},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bogaert, A.F. (1996), \u201cVolunteer bias in human sexuality research: evidence for both sexuality and personality differences in males\u201d, Archives of Sexual Behavior, Vol. 25, pp. 125\u201040.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02437932"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, S.P. and Stayman, D.M. (1992), \u201cAntecedents and consequences of attitude toward the ad: a meta\u2010analysis\u201d, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 34\u201051.","DOI":"10.1086\/209284"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b7","unstructured":"Bushman, B.J. (1994), \u201cVote\u2010counting procedures in meta\u2010analysis\u201d, in Cooper, H.M. and Hedges, L.V. (Eds), The Handbook of Research Synthesis, Russell Sage Foundation, New York, NY, pp. 193\u2010213."},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chakraborty, G., Lala, V. and Warren, D. (2002), \u201cAn empirical investigation of antecedents of B2B websites effectiveness\u201d, Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 16 No. 4, pp. 51\u201072.","DOI":"10.1002\/dir.10044"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Q. and Rodgers, S. (2006), \u201cDevelopment of an instrument to measure web site personality\u201d, Journal of Interactive Advertising, Vol. 7 No. 1, available at: www.jiad.org\/vol7\/no1\/chen\/index.htm (accessed 27 March 2008).","DOI":"10.1080\/15252019.2006.10722124"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiou, J.S. and Chen, C. (2003), \u201cShould a company have message board on its web sites?\u201d, Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 17 No. 3, pp. 50\u201061.","DOI":"10.1002\/dir.10059"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, C.H. and Khang, K.H. (2006), \u201cThe state of internet related research in communications, marketing, and advertising: 1994\u20102003\u201d, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 35 No. 3, pp. 143\u201063.","DOI":"10.2753\/JOA0091-3367350309"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christodoulides, G. and de Chernatony, L. (2004), \u201cDimensionalising on\u2010 and offline brands' composite equity\u201d, Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 168\u201079.","DOI":"10.1108\/10610420410538069"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung, H. and Ahn, E. (2007), \u201cThe effects of web site structure: the role of personal difference\u201d, Cyberpsychology and Behaviour, Vol. 10 No. 6, pp. 749\u201055.","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2007.9955"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung, H. and Zhao, X. (2004), \u201cEffects of perceived interactivity on web site preference and memory: role of personal motivation\u201d, Journal of Computer\u2010Mediated Communication, Vol. 10 No. 1, available at: http:\/\/jcmc.indiana.edu\/vol10\/issue1\/chung.html (accessed 27 March 2008).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2004.tb00232.x"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Constantinides, E. (2004), \u201cInfluencing the online consumer's behavior: the web experience\u201d, Internet Research, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 111\u201026.","DOI":"10.1108\/10662240410530835"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coyle, J.R. and Thorson, E. (2001), \u201cThe effects of progressive levels of interactivity and vividness in web marketing sites\u201d, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 65\u201077.","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2001.10673646"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b17","unstructured":"Cs\u00edkszentmih\u00e1lyi, M. (1975), Beyond Boredom and Anxiety, Jossey\u2010Bass, San Fransisco, CA."},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahl\u00e9n, M., Rasch, A. and Rosengren, S. (2003), \u201cLove at first site? A study of website advertising effectiveness\u201d, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 43 No. 1, pp. 25\u201033.","DOI":"10.2501\/JAR-43-1-25-33"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis, F.D., Bagozzi, R.P. and Warshaw, P.R. (1989), \u201cUser acceptance of computer technology: a comparison of two theoretical models\u201d, Management Science, Vol. 35 No. 8, pp. 982\u20101003.","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.35.8.982"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dou, W. and Krishnamurthy, S. (2007), \u201cUsing brand websites to build brands online: a product versus service brand comparison\u201d, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 4 No. 2, pp. 193\u2010206.","DOI":"10.2501\/S0021849907070225"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b21","unstructured":"Flores, L. (2004), \u201cTen facts about the value of brand websites\u201d, Admap, February, pp. 26\u20108."},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fortin, D.R. and Dholokia, R.R. (2005), \u201cInteractivity and vividness effects on social presence and involvement with a web\u2010based advertisement\u201d, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 58 No. 3, pp. 387\u201096.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(03)00106-1"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geissler, G.L., Zinkhan, G.M. and Watson, R.T. (2006), \u201cThe influence of home page complexity on consumer attention, attitudes, and purchase intent\u201d, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 35 No. 2, pp. 69\u201080.","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2006.10639232"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldsmith, R.E. and Lafferty, B.A. (2002), \u201cConsumer response to web sites and their influence on advertising effectiveness\u201d, Internet Research, Vol. 12 No. 4, pp. 318\u201028.","DOI":"10.1108\/10662240210438407"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffith, D.A. and Chen, Q. (2004), \u201cThe influence of virtual direct experience (VDE) on online ad message effectiveness\u201d, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 33 No. 1, pp. 55\u201068.","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2004.10639153"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ha, L. (2008), \u201cOnline advertising research in advertising journals: a review\u201d, Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, Vol. 30 No. 1, pp. 31\u201048.","DOI":"10.1080\/10641734.2008.10505236"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ha, L. and Chan\u2010Olmsted, S.M. (2004), \u201cCross\u2010media use in electronic media: the role of cable television web sites in cable television network branding and viewership\u201d, Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, Vol. 48 No. 4, pp. 620\u201045.","DOI":"10.1207\/s15506878jobem4804_6"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hedges, L.V. and Olkin, I. (1980), \u201cVote\u2010counting methods in research synthesis\u201d, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 88 No. 2, pp. 359\u201069.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.88.2.359"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heldal, F., Sjovold, E. and Heldal, A.F. (2004), \u201cSuccess on the internet\u2010optimizing relationship through the corporate site\u201d, International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 24 No. 2, pp. 115\u201029.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2003.12.010"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holland, J. and Baker, S.M. (2001), \u201cCustomer participation in creating site brand loyalty\u201d, Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 34\u201045.","DOI":"10.1002\/dir.1021"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jee, J. and Lee, W.N. (2002), \u201cAntecedents and consequences of perceived interactivity: an exploratory study\u201d, Journal of Interactive Advertising, Vol. 3 No. 1, available at: www.jiad.org\/vol3\/no1\/jee\/index.htm (accessed 27 March 2008).","DOI":"10.1080\/15252019.2002.10722066"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jo, S. and Kim, Y. (2003), \u201cThe effect of web characteristics on relationship building\u201d, Journal of Public Relations Research, Vol. 15 No. 3, pp. 199\u2010223.","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532754XJPRR1503_1"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karson, E.J. and Fischer, R.J. (2005), \u201cPredicting intentions to return to the website: extending the dual mediation hypothesis\u201d, Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 19 No. 3, pp. 2\u201014.","DOI":"10.1002\/dir.20040"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karson, E.J. and Kargaonkar, P.K. (2001), \u201cAn experimental investigation of internet advertising and the elaboration likelihood model\u201d, Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 53\u201072.","DOI":"10.1080\/10641734.2001.10505120"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keefe, R.M., Cole, M., Chau, P.Y.K., Massey, A., Montoya\u2010Weiss, M. and Perry, M. (2000), \u201cFrom the user interface to the consumer interface: results from a global experiment\u201d, Human Computer Studies, Vol. 53 No. 4, pp. 611\u201028.","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.2000.0404"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keng, C.J. and Lin, H.Y. (2006), \u201cImpact of telepresence levels on internet advertising effects\u201d, Cyber Psychology and Behaviour, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 82\u201093.","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2006.9.82"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J. and McMillan, S.J. (2008), \u201cEvaluation of internet advertising research: a bibliometric analysis of citations from key sources\u201d, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 37 No. 1, pp. 99\u2010112.","DOI":"10.2753\/JOA0091-3367370108"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ko, H., Cho, C.H. and Roberts, M.S. (2005), \u201cInternet uses and gratifications: a structural equation model of interactive advertising\u201d, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 34 No. 2, pp. 57\u201070.","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2005.10639191"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, B.K., Hong, J.Y. and Lee, W.N. (2004), \u201cHow attitude toward the web site influences consumer brand choice and confidence while shopping online\u201d, Journal of Computer\u2010Mediated Communication, available at: http:\/\/jcmc.indiana.edu\/vol9\/issue2\/lee.html (accessed 27 March 2008).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2004.tb00282.x"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y. and Shrum, L.J. (2002), \u201cWhat is interactivity and is it always such a good thing? Implications of definition, person, and situation for the influence of interactivity on advertising effectiveness\u201d, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 31 No. 4, pp. 53\u201064.","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2002.10673685"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McMillan, A.J., Hwang, J.S. and Lee, G. (2003), \u201cEffects of structural and perceptual factors on attitude toward the website\u201d, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 43 No. 4, pp. 400\u20109.","DOI":"10.2501\/JAR-43-4-400-409"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macias, W. (2003), \u201cA beginning look at the effects of interactivity, product involvement and web experience on comprehension: brand web sites as interactive advertising\u201d, Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 31\u201044.","DOI":"10.1080\/10641734.2003.10505147"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacKenzie, S.B., Lutz, R.J. and Belch, G.E. (1986), \u201cThe role of attitude toward the ad as a mediator of advertising effectiveness: a test of competing explanations\u201d, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 23 No. 2, pp. 130\u201043.","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378602300205"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, B.A.S., Sherrard, M.J. and Wentzel, D. (2005), \u201cThe role of sensation seeking and need for cognition on web\u2010site evaluations: a resource\u2010matching perspective\u201d, Psychology and Marketing, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 109\u201024.","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.20050"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathieson, K. (1991), \u201cPredicting user intentions: comparing the technology acceptance model with the theory of planned behavior\u201d, Information Systems Research, Vol. 2 No. 3, pp. 173\u201091.","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2.3.173"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, B. and Chandon, J.L. (2003), \u201cThe impact of visiting a brand website on brand personality\u201d, Electronic Markets, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 210\u201021.","DOI":"10.1080\/1019678032000108301"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, B. and Chandon, J.L. (2004), \u201cThe impact of a world wide website visit on brand image in the motor vehicle and mobile telephone industries\u201d, Journal of Marketing Communications, Vol. 10 No. 2, pp. 153\u201065.","DOI":"10.1080\/13527260410001693820"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, B., Flores, L., Agrebi, M. and Chandon, J.L. (2008), \u201cThe branding impact of brand websites: do newsletters and consumer magazines have a moderating role?\u201d, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 48 No. 3, pp. 465\u201072.","DOI":"10.2501\/S0021849908080471"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b49","unstructured":"Nah, F. and Davis, S. (2002), \u201cHCI research issues in e\u2010commerce\u201d, The Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, Vol. 3 No. 3, pp. 98\u2010113."},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nel, D., van Niekerk, R., Berthon, J.P. and Davies, T. (1999), \u201cGoing with the flow: web sites and customer involvement\u201d, Internet Research, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 109\u201016.","DOI":"10.1108\/10662249910264873"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newman, E.J., Stern, D.E. and Sprott, D. (2004), \u201cBanner advertisement and web site congruity effects on consumer web site perceptions\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 104 No. 3, pp. 273\u201081.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570410525816"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Novak, T.P., Hoffman, D.L. and Yung, Y. (2000), \u201cMeasuring the customer experience in online environments: a structural modeling approach\u201d, Marketing Science, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 22\u201042.","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.19.1.22.15184"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nysveen, H. and Pedersen, P.E. (2002), \u201cAn exploratory study of customers' perception of company web sites offering various interactive applications: moderating effects of customers' internet experience\u201d, Decision Support systems, Vol. 37 No. 1, pp. 137\u201050.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9236(02)00212-9"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Odell, P., Korgen, K., Schumacher, P. and DeLucchi, M. (2000), \u201cInternet use among male and female college students\u201d, Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Vol. 3 No. 5, pp. 855\u201062.","DOI":"10.1089\/10949310050191836"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b55","unstructured":"Pavlik, J.V. (1998), New Media Technology: Cultural and Commercial Perspectives, Allyn & Bacon, Boston, MA."},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b56","unstructured":"Pechmann, C. and Stewart, D.W. (1989), \u201cAdvertising repetition: a critical review of wear\u2010in and wear\u2010out\u201d, Current Issues and Research in Advertising, Vol. 11 Nos 1\/2, pp. 285\u2010330."},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petty, R.E. and Cacioppo, J.T. (1986), \u201cThe elaboration likelihood model of persuasion\u201d, in Berkowitz, L. (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 19, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 123\u2010205.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60214-2"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phillips, B. and Lee, W.N. (2005), \u201cInteractive animation: exploring spokes\u2010characters on the internet\u201d, Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp. 1\u201017.","DOI":"10.1080\/10641734.2005.10505170"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b59","unstructured":"Rafaeli, S. (1988), \u201cInteractivity: from new media to communication\u201d, in Hawkins, R.P., Wiemann, J.M. and Pingree, S. (Eds), Advancing Communication Science: Merging Mass and Interpersonal Process, Sage, Newbury Park, CA, pp. 110\u201034."},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raney, A.A., Arpan, L.M., Pashupati, K. and Brill, D.A. (2003), \u201cAt the movies, on the web: an investigation of the effects of entertaining and interactive web content on site and brand evaluations\u201d, Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 17 No. 4, pp. 38\u201053.","DOI":"10.1002\/dir.10064"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sears, A., Jacko, J.A. and Dubach, E.M. (2000), \u201cInternational aspects of world wide web usability and the role of high end graphical enhancements\u201d, International Journal of Human\u2010Computer Interaction, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 241\u201061.","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327590IJHC1202_5"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sicilia, M. and Ruiz, S. (2007), \u201cThe role of flow in web site effectiveness\u201d, Journal of Interactive Advertising, available at: www.jiad.org\/vol8\/no1\/ruiz\/index.htm (accessed 27 March 2008).","DOI":"10.1080\/15252019.2007.10722135"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sicilia, M., Ruiz, S. and Munuera, J.L. (2005), \u201cEffects of interactivity in a web site: the moderating effect of need for cognition\u201d, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 34 No. 3, pp. 31\u201045.","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2005.10639202"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sicilia, M., Ruiz, S. and Reynolds, N. (2006), \u201cAttitude formation online: how the consumer's need for cognition affects the relationship between attitude towards the website and attitude towards the brand\u201d, International Journal of Market Research, Vol. 48 No. 2, pp. 139\u201054.","DOI":"10.1177\/147078530604800204"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, N., Fassorr, G., Chao, M.C.H. and Hoffman, J.A. (2006), \u201cUnderstanding international web site usage: a cross\u2010national study of German, Brazilian and Taiwanese online consumers\u201d, International Marketing Review, Vol. 23 No. 1, pp. 83\u201097.","DOI":"10.1108\/02651330610646304"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, S.N. and Dalal, N.P. (1999), \u201cWeb home pages as advertisements\u201d, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 42 No. 8, pp. 91\u20108.","DOI":"10.1145\/310930.310978"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sohn, D., Ci, C. and Lee, B.K. (2007), \u201cThe moderating effects of expectation on the interactivity\u2010attitude relationship\u201d, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 36 No. 3, pp. 109\u201019.","DOI":"10.2753\/JOA0091-3367360308"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, J.H. and Zinkhan, G.M. (2008), \u201cDeterminants of perceived web site interactivity\u201d, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 72 No. 2, pp. 99\u2010113.","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.72.2.99"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steenkamp, E.M. and Geyskens, I. (2006), \u201cHow country characteristics affect the perceived value of websites\u201d, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 70 No. 3, pp. 136\u201050.","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.70.3.136"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steuer, J. (1992), \u201cDefining virtual reality: dimensions determining telepresence\u201d, Journal of Communication, Vol. 42 No. 2, pp. 73\u201093.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00812.x"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Supphellen, M. and Nysveen, H. (2001), \u201cDrivers of intention to revisit the websites of well\u2010known companies, the role of corporate brand loyalty\u201d, International Journal of Market Research, Vol. 43 No. 3, pp. 341\u201052.","DOI":"10.1177\/147078530104300302"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thorbjornsen, H. and Supphellen, M. (2004), \u201cThe impact of brand loyalty on website usage\u201d, Brand Management, Vol. 11 No. 3, pp. 199\u2010208.","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.bm.2540166"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thorbjornsen, H., Supphellen, M., Nysveen, H. and Pedersen, P.E. (2002), \u201cBuilding brand relationships online: a comparison of two interactive applications\u201d, Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 16 No. 3, pp. 17\u201034.","DOI":"10.1002\/dir.10034"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b75","unstructured":"Tung, W., Moore, R. and Engelland, B. (2006), \u201cExploring attitudes and purchase intentions in a brand\u2010oriented highly interactive web site setting\u201d, Marketing Management Journal, Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 94\u2010106."},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vakratsas, D. and Ambler, T. (1999), \u201cHow advertising works: what do we really know?\u201d, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 63 No. 1, pp. 26\u201043.","DOI":"10.1177\/002224299906300103"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weinberg, B.D., Berger, P.D. and Hanna, R.C. (2003), \u201cA belief updating process for minimizing waiting time in multiple waiting\u2010time events: application in website design\u201d, Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 17 No. 4, pp. 24\u201037.","DOI":"10.1002\/dir.10065"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, G. (2005), \u201cThe mediating role of perceived interactivity on the effect of actual interactivity on attitude toward the website\u201d, Journal of Interactive Advertising, Vol. 5 No. 2, available at: www.jiad.org\/vol5\/no2\/wu\/index.htm (accessed 27 March 2008).","DOI":"10.1080\/15252019.2005.10722099"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, G. (2006), \u201cConceptualizing and measuring the perceived interactivity of websites\u201d, Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, Vol. 28 No. 1, pp. 87\u2010104.","DOI":"10.1080\/10641734.2006.10505193"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, G. (2007), \u201cApplying the Rossiter\u2010Percy grid to online advertising planning: the role of product\/brand type in previsit intentions\u201d, Journal of Interactive Advertising, Vol. 8 No. 2, available at: www.jiad.org\/vol8\/no1\/wu\/index.htm (accessed 27 March 2008).","DOI":"10.1080\/15252019.2007.10722133"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yates, R.A. and Noves, J.M. (2007), \u201cWeb site design, self monitoring style and consumer preference\u201d, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol. 37 No. 6, pp. 1341\u201062.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2007.00215.x"},{"key":"key2022020819555961500_b82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaichkowsky, J.L. (1985), \u201cMeasuring the involvement construct\u201d, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 12 No. 3, pp. 341\u201052.","DOI":"10.1086\/208520"}],"container-title":["Internet Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/10662240920998887","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/10662240920998887\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/10662240920998887\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:40:24Z","timestamp":1753400424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/intr\/article\/19\/5\/535-565\/181233"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]]},"references-count":81,"aliases":["10.1108\/10662240910998887","10.1108\/10662240910998887"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/10662240920998887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/10662240920998887","relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-2243"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-2243","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]]}}}