{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T18:05:39Z","timestamp":1754157939241,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,16]],"date-time":"2010-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1289865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects and implications of free\u2010ride within culturally diverse virtual teams (VTs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Game theoretic concepts were applied to model the phenomenon of free\u2010ride within global VTs. Further, longitudinal data were collected to verify the validity of the applied methodology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was found that less competent group members tend to engage more often in free\u2010ride at the cost of their fellows. Socio\u2010cultural factors have significant impact on the amount and timing of reporting free\u2010ride. Larger groups experience free\u2010ride at higher rates compared to smaller groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The experiments are conducted in a controlled lab environment that may not mimic the real\u2010world global VT dynamics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Business managers could use the results in this paper to form more effective and productive VTs by paying attention to group size and cultural effects on group behavior.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>Game theoretic concepts have long been applied to traditional groups to study their dynamics. This work applies those concepts to VTs along with studying the cultural effects on the phenomenon of free\u2010ride.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/13287261011095789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,20]],"date-time":"2010-11-20T07:12:20Z","timestamp":1290237140000},"page":"248-262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Managing free\u2010ride in global virtual teams"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Parssian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022022020275760700_b1","unstructured":"Barfield, W. and Weghorst, S. (1993), \u201cThe sense of presence within virtual environments: a conceptual framework\u201d, in Salvendy, G. and Smith, M.J. 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