{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:10:15Z","timestamp":1761487815760,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]],"date-time":"2000-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":975628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The idea of knowledge work has been around for some time. Mintzberg spoke about \u201cknowledge intensive firms\u201d outlining differences between knowledge intensive organizations and professional bureaucracies. A professional bureaucracy, for instance, typically relies on standardized knowledge, skills and routines, relying on typical professional features: codification, strong and clearly defined professional associations and codes of ethics. In the past professional identities have been shaped by (at least) symbolic association with such features. With sweeping changes to professional life and organization, many \u201cknowledge workers\u201d no longer belong to any of the traditional disciplinary professions. Cross\u2010disciplinary approaches are often now in favour and the symbolism that might have once reinforced professional identity has all\u2010but been replaced by the new competencies required in the high\u2010tech era: extensive communication, problem\u2010solving and coordination skills. The labour market is not stable and, as Mintzberg aptly put it, \u201cknowledge intensity\u201d has become a premium product.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270010379821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,13]],"date-time":"2007-04-13T10:07:36Z","timestamp":1176458856000},"page":"279-286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Knowledge work and the new demands of learning"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Garrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stewart","family":"Clegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022031319515681400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnett, R. (2000), \u201cWorking knowledge\u201d, in Garrick, J. and Rhodes, C. 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