{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T16:02:17Z","timestamp":1779033737801,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]],"date-time":"2004-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1080777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Relatively little study has been performed on knowledge management and knowledge transfer in the public sector, and even less in the developing countries. This paper investigates the relationship between organizational elements and the performance of knowledge transfer. Five main independent variables were identified \u2013 organizational culture, organizational structure, technology, people\/human resources and political directives \u2013 and these were tested against creation of knowledge assets and knowledge transfer performance using the Spearman rank test. Tacit and explicit knowledge were also tested against knowledge transfer performance. To achieve an in\u2010depth empirical study, the Ministry of Entrepreneur Development of Malaysia was chosen for a case study. The findings are based on replies to a questionnaire survey done from September to December 2001. The results reveal that there are significant relationships between some of the variables and either the creation of knowledge assets or the performance of knowledge transfer. Therefore, it is necessary for organizations to consider some of the elements that show a relationship between the tested variables in implementing a knowledge management strategy in an organization. However, certain variables that did not show any relationship should not be ignored totally, as they are still very important for some organizations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270410529145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]],"date-time":"2004-05-01T00:20:20Z","timestamp":1083370820000},"page":"95-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":255,"title":["Knowledge management in a public organization: a study on the relationship between organizational elements and the performance of knowledge transfer"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Syed","family":"Omar Sharifuddin Syed\u2010Ikhsan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fytton","family":"Rowland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b1","unstructured":"Ahmed, P.K., Lim, K.K. and Loh, A.Y.E. (2002), Learning Through Knowledge Management, Butterworth\u2010Heinemann, Oxford."},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al\u2010Athari, A and Zairi, M. (2001), \u201cBuilding benchmarking competence through knowledge management capability: an empirical study of the Kuwaiti context\u201d, Benchmarking: An International Journal, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 70\u201080.","DOI":"10.1108\/14635770110383489"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alavi, M. and Leidner, D.E. (2001), \u201cKnowledge management and knowledge management systems: conceptual foundations and research issues\u201d, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 25 No. 1, pp. 107\u201036.","DOI":"10.2307\/3250961"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Argote, A. (1993), \u201cGroup and organisational learning curves: individual, system and environment components\u201d, British Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 32, pp. 31\u20105.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.1993.tb00984.x"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Argote, A. and Ingram, P. (2000), \u201cKnowledge transfer: a basis for competitive advantage in firms\u201d, Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 82 No. 1, pp. 150\u201069.","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.2000.2893"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bender, S. and Fish, A. (2000), \u201cThe transfer of knowledge and the retention of expertise: the continuing need for global assignments\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 4 No. 2, pp. 125\u201037.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270010372251"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bloodgood, J.M. and Salisbury, W.D. (2001), \u201cUnderstanding the influence of organisational change strategies on information technology and knowledge management strategies\u201d, Decision Support Systems, Vol. 31, pp. 55\u201069.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9236(00)00119-6"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bogdanowicz, M.S. and Bailey, E.K. (2002), \u201cThe value of knowledge and the values of the new knowledge worker: generation X in the new economy\u201d, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 26 No. 2\/3\/4, pp. 125\u20109.","DOI":"10.1108\/03090590210422003"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarke, T. (2001), \u201cThe knowledge economy\u201d, Education + Training, Vol. 43 No. 4\/5, pp. 189\u201096.","DOI":"10.1108\/00400910110399184"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b10","unstructured":"Davenport, T.H. and Prusak, L. (1998), Working Knowledge: How Organisations Manage What They Know, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA."},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davenport, T.H. and Prusak, L. (2000), Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.","DOI":"10.1145\/347634.348775"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b12","unstructured":"Diamantopoulos, A. and Schlegelmilch, B.B. (1997), Taking the Fear Out of Data Analysis, Dryden Press, Avon."},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dixon, N.M. (2000), Common Knowledge: How Companies Thrive by Sharing What They Know, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.","DOI":"10.1145\/334482.334491"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b14","unstructured":"Donoghue, L.P., Harris, J.G. and Weitzman, B.A. (1999), \u201cKnowledge management strategies that create value\u201d, Outlook, Vol. 1, pp. 48\u201053."},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b15","unstructured":"Encyclopaedia of Management (2000), Helms, M.M. (Ed.), Encyclopaedia of Management, Gale Group, Farmington Hills, MI."},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b16","unstructured":"Fife\u2010Shaw, C. (2000), \u201cBivariate statistical analyses\u201d, in Breakwell, G.M., Hammond, S. and Fife\u2010Schaw, C. (Eds), Research Methods in Psychology, 2nd ed., Sage Publications, London, pp. 350\u201069."},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goh, S.C. (2002), \u201cManaging effective knowledge transfer: an integrative framework and some practice implication\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 6 No 1, pp. 23\u201030.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270210417664"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b18","unstructured":"Greene, J. and d\u2019Oliveira, M. (1978), Cognitive Psychology Methodology Handbook: Nonparametric Designs and Tests, The Open University Press, Milton Keynes."},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b19","unstructured":"Huczynski, A. (1989), Encyclopaedia of Organisational Change Methods, Gower, Aldershot."},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Industry Solution (1999), \u201cPublic sector knowledge workers without limits\u201d, available at: www.microsoft.com\/europe\/industry\/knowledgemgmt\/features\/1716.htm, accessed: 16 November 2000.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1365-6937(00)90222-3"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacob, M. and Ebrahimpur, G. (2001), \u201cExperience vs expertise: the role of implicit understanding of knowledge in determining the nature of knowledge transfer in two companies\u201d, Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 74\u201088.","DOI":"10.1108\/14691930110380518"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kautz, K. and Thaysen, K. (2001), \u201cKnowledge, learning and IT support in a small software company\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 5 No. 4, pp. 349\u201057.","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000006532"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kluge, J., Stein, W. and Licht, T. (2001), Knowledge Unplugged, Palgrave, New York, NY.","DOI":"10.1057\/9780333977057"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, D. and Klobas, J. (2000), \u201cKnowledge management in small enterprises\u201d, The Electronic Library, Vol. 18 No. 6, pp. 420\u201032.","DOI":"10.1108\/02640470010361178"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J. (2001), \u201cThe impact of knowledge sharing, organisational capacity and partnership quality on IS outsourcing success\u201d, Information and Management, Vol. 38, pp. 323\u201035.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(00)00074-4"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liebowitz, J. and Y. Chen (2003), \u201cKnowledge sharing proficiencies: the key to knowledge management\u201d, in Holsapple, C.W. (Ed.), Handbook on Knowledge Management 1: Knowledge Matters, Springer\u2010Verlag, Berlin, pp. 409\u201024.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24746-3_21"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levine, L. (2001), \u201cIntegrating and processes in a learning organisation\u201d, Information Systems Management, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 21\u201032.","DOI":"10.1201\/1078\/43194.18.1.20010101\/31262.4"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lord, M.D. and Ranft, A.L. (2000), \u201cOrganisational learning about new international markets: exploring the internal transfer of local market knowledge\u201d, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 31 No. 4, pp. 573\u201089.","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jibs.8490923"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Major, E. and Cordey\u2010Hayes, M. (2000), \u201cKnowledge translation: a new perspective on knowledge transfer and foresight\u201d, Foresight, Vol. 2 No. 4, pp. 411\u201023.","DOI":"10.1108\/14636680010802762"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDermott, R. and O\u2019Dell, C. (2001), \u201cOvercoming cultural barriers to sharing knowledge\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 76\u201085.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270110384428"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b31","unstructured":"Ministry of Entrepreneur Development Annual Report (1999), in Malay."},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b32","unstructured":"Nonaka, I. (1999), \u201cThe dynamic of knowledge creation\u201d, in Ruggles, R. and D. Holtshouse (Ed.), The Knowledge Advantage: 14 Visionaries Define Market Place Success in the New Economy, Capstone Publishing, Oxford, pp. 64\u201087."},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nonaka, I. (2000), \u201cA dynamic theory of organisational knowledge creation\u201d, in Smith, D.E. (Ed.), Knowledge, Groupware and the Internet, Butterworth\u2010Heinemann, Oxford, pp. 3\u201042.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7506-7111-8.50003-2"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b34","unstructured":"Open University Research Methods in Education \u2013 The Social Science, Book 5, Classification and Measurement (1981), The Open University Press, Milton Keynes."},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parker, R. and Bradley, L. (2000), \u201cOrganisational culture in the public sector: evidence form six organisation\u201d, International Journal of Public Sector Management, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 125\u201041.","DOI":"10.1108\/09513550010338773"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubenstein\u2010Montano, B., Liebowitz, J., Buchwalter, J., McCaw, D. Newman, B. and Rebeck, K.J. (2001), \u201cA systems thinking framework for knowledge management\u201d, Decision Support Systems, Vol. 31, pp. 5\u201016.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9236(00)00116-0"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b37","unstructured":"Shields, R., Holden, T. and Schmidt, R.A. (2000), \u201cA critical analysis of knowledge management initiatives in the Canadian public service: the impact of a knowledge\u2010based economy on work in the public service, the virtual organisation of expertise and knowledge\u201d, available at: www.carleton.ca\/innovation\/km\u2010fed.pdf, accessed: 7 February 2001."},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, E.A. (2001), \u201cThe role of tacit and explicit knowledge in the workplace\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 5 No. 4, pp. 311\u201021.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270110411733"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stenmark, D. (2000\u20102001), \u201cLeveraging tacit organisational knowledge\u201d, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 17 No. 3, pp. 9\u201024.","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2000.11045655"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stoddart, L. (2001), \u201cManaging intranets to encourage knowledge sharing: opportunities and constraints\u201d, Online Information Review, Vol. 25 No. 1, pp. 19\u201028.","DOI":"10.1108\/14684520110366661"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sveiby, K.\u2010E. (2001), \u201cA knowledge\u2010based theory of the firm to guide in strategy formulation\u201d, Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 2 No. 4, pp. 344\u201058.","DOI":"10.1108\/14691930110409651"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Syed\u2010Ikhsan, S.O.S. and Rowland, F. (2004), \u201cBenchmarking knowledge management in a public organisation in Malaysia\u201d, Benchmarking \u2013 An International Journal, Vol. 11 No. 2, in press.","DOI":"10.1108\/14635770410538745"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teece, D.J. (2000), \u201cStrategies for managing knowledge assets: the role of firm structure and industrial context\u201d, Long Range Planning, Vol. 33, pp. 35\u201054.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-6301(99)00117-X"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiig, K.M. (2002), \u201cKnowledge management in public administration\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 224\u201039.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270210434331"},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b45","unstructured":"World Development Report: Knowledge for Development 1998\/1999 (1999), Oxford University Press, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b46","unstructured":"Zaharias, P., Samiotis, K. and Poulymenakou, A. (2001), \u201cLearning in knowledge\u2010incentive organisations: methods and tools for enabling organisational learning processes\u201d, 7th International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising, Bremen, available at: www.knowledgeboard.com\/library\/organisational_learning.pdf, accessed: 18 February 2003."},{"key":"key2022020819564224200_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zolingen, S.V., Streumer, J. and Stooker, M. (2001), \u201cProblems in knowledge management: a case study of a knowledge\u2010intensive company\u201d, International Journal of Training and Development, Vol. 5 No. 3, pp. 168\u201084","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-2419.00130"}],"container-title":["Journal of Knowledge Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/13673270410529145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/13673270410529145\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/13673270410529145\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:10:39Z","timestamp":1753402239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jkm\/article\/8\/2\/95-111\/261294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/13673270410529145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/13673270410529145","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-3270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-3270","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]]}}}