{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T04:14:27Z","timestamp":1772597667562,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>The debate about the differences between government, commercial and military knowledge management initiatives continues. Many consultants and vendors posit that the different objectives of government, military and commercial organizations require different philosophies, methodologies and technologies to achieve success. Many agree that technology is not the most important element of knowledge integration. However, they also agree that knowledge management technologies can enable knowledge integration and contribute to efficiencies in organizations. This study provides empirical research to contribute to this theoretical and practical discussion.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>This study explores the perceived differences of the impact of knowledge management technologies between commercial, military and government users. Analysis of variance is used to compare means of responses among the three groups. This study applies hypothesis testing through a case study of an enterprise in the military sector, the United States Department of the Navy's (DON) Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR).<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>The primary conclusion of this study is that there is a significant difference in expectations among contractors, government civilian and uniform military knowledge workers on expected efficiencies from KMTs. Contractors and uniform military have similar expectations. Government civilians have significantly lower expectations. Contractors have the highest expectations from KMTs.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>There are a few studies that compare government and commercial sector knowledge management expectations and practices. In addition, case studies and anecdotal data provided by vendors and consultants communicate the value of knowledge management technologies. Still there is a need to grow the body of knowledge on the impact of KMTs on efficiency. To that end there is a growing commitment to empirical and conceptual research by scholars in knowledge management.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Implications for scholars and practitioners are posited.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>There is still a lack of empirical research on the impact of knowledge management technologies on competitive advantage in government organizations. This study adds to understanding of this area of research.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270610709206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,15]],"date-time":"2007-01-15T14:45:21Z","timestamp":1168872321000},"page":"39-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Efficiencies from knowledge management technologies in a military enterprise"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"William D.","family":"Schulte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Travis","family":"Sample","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al\u2010Hawamdeh, S. and Tan Woei, J. (2001), \u201cKnowledge management in the public sector: principles and practices in police work\u201d, Journal of Information Science, Vol. 27 No. 5, pp. 311\u201018.","DOI":"10.1177\/016555150102700502"},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b2","unstructured":"Bennett, A. (Ed.) (2000), DON KCO Toolkit, Department of the Navy Office of the Chief Information Officer, United States Department of Defense, Washington, DC."},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b3","unstructured":"Bixler, C. (2002), \u201cKnowledge management: a practical solution for emerging global security requirements\u201d, KM World, Vol. 11 No. 5, pp. 18\u201028."},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b4","unstructured":"Browning, M. (2002), \u201cArmy knowledge management: the Army's information revolution\u201d, Army Communicator: Voice of the Signal Regiment, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp. 2\u20104."},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caterinicchia, D. (2001), \u201cPreserving knowledge\u201d, Federal Computer Week, Vol. 15 No. 27, pp. 22\u20104.","DOI":"10.7748\/ns.15.32.27.s46"},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chatzkel, J. (2002), \u201cConversation with Alex Bennet, former deputy CIO for enterprise integration at the US Department of Navy\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 6 No. 5, pp. 434\u201044.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270210450397"},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b7","unstructured":"Christensen, L. and Sadd, M. (2002), \u201cUS Army Pacific knowledge management\u201d, Army Communicator: Voice of the Signal Regiment, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp. 6\u20108."},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Gooijer, J. (2000), \u201cDesigning a knowledge management performance framework\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 303\u201010.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270010379858"},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b9","unstructured":"Fitzgerald, J.R. (1999), \u201cThe power of e\u2010sailors\u201d, United States Naval Institute Proceedings, Vol. 125 No. 7, pp. 62\u20103."},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b10","unstructured":"Han, F. (2001), \u201cUnderstanding knowledge management\u201d, Public Manager, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp. 34\u20105."},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b11","unstructured":"Hanley, S. (2001), Metrics Guide for Knowledge Management Initiatives, Chief Information Officer, Department of the Navy, Washington, DC."},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b12","unstructured":"Hoenig, C. (2001), \u201cBeyond e\u2010government\u201d, Government Executive, Vol. 33 No. 14, pp. 49\u201056."},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b13","unstructured":"Hyde, A.C. and Mitchell, K.D. (2000), \u201cKnowledge management: the next big thing\u201d, Public Manager, Vol. 29 No. 2, pp. 57\u201060."},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b14","unstructured":"Kim, M.P. and Schmidt, W. (2002), \u201cLife\u2010cycle planning for knowledge management\u201d, Army AL&T, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 8\u20109."},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liebowitz, J. (2002), \u201cA look at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's knowledge management initiatives\u201d, IEEE Software, Vol. 19 No. 3, pp. 40\u20102.","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2002.1003451"},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McAdam, R. and Reid, R. (2000), \u201cA comparison of public and private sector perceptions and use of knowledge management\u201d, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 24 No. 6, pp. 317\u201029.","DOI":"10.1108\/03090590010346424"},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b17","unstructured":"McKitrick, J. (2002), \u201cArmy flow model\u201d, ArmyAL&T, Vol. 2 No. 1, p. 20."},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b18","unstructured":"Mitchell, K.D. (2002), \u201cCollaboration and information sharing: a ROI perspective?\u201d, Public Manager, Vol. 31 No. 1, pp. 59\u201061."},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b19","unstructured":"Office of Management and Budget (2002), The President's Management Agenda Fiscal Year 2000, The Office of the President of the United States, Office of Management and Budget, Washington, DC, p. 13."},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O'Sullivan, K. (2005), \u201cLeveraging knowledge management technologies to manage intellectual capital\u201d, in Stankosky, M. (Ed.), Creating the Discipline of Knowledge Management: The Latest in University Research, Elsevier\/Butterworth\u2010Heinemann, London, pp. 134\u201040.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7506-7878-0.50012-0"},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribiere, V., Park, H. and Schulte, W.D. (2004), \u201cCritical attributes of organizational culture that promote knowledge management technology success\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 106\u201017.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270410541079"},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ross, M.V. and Schulte, W.D. (2005), \u201cKnowledge management in a military enterprise: a pilot case study of the space and warfare systems command\u201d, in Stankosky, M. (Ed.), Creating the Discipline of Knowledge Management: The Latest in University Research, Elsevier\/Butterworth\u2010Heinemann, London, pp. 157\u201070.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7506-7878-0.50014-4"},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b23","unstructured":"Sample, T.L. (1987), \u201cThe existential basis for effecting a coherent American response to terrorism\u201d, published dissertation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA."},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b24","unstructured":"Schulte, W.D. (1999), \u201cThe effect of international corporate strategy and global information technology on competitive advantage and performance: an exploratory study of the international engineering, procurement and construction industry\u201d, published dissertation, George Washington University, Washington, DC."},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sethi, V. and King, W.R. (1994), \u201cDevelopment of measures to assess the extent to which an information technology application provides competitive advantage\u201d, Management Science, Vol. 40 No. 12, pp. 1605\u201016.","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.40.12.1601"},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b27","unstructured":"Sherman, G.J. (2002), \u201cTransforming to e\u2010Gov and e\u2010Defense\u201d, The Armed Forces Comptroller, Vol. 47 No. 3, pp. 36\u20108."},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_b28","unstructured":"Tefft, R.J. (2002), \u201cArmy medical department knowledge management\u201d, Army AL&T, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 10\u201011."},{"key":"key2022012420281156800_frg25","unstructured":"Schulte, W.D. (2000), \u201cThe strategic management of global information technology: theoretical foundations\u201d, in Roche, E.M. and Blaine, M.J. (Eds), Information Technology in Multinational Enterprises, Edward Elgar, London."}],"container-title":["Journal of Knowledge Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/13673270610709206","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/13673270610709206\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/13673270610709206\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:11:10Z","timestamp":1753402270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jkm\/article\/10\/6\/39-49\/258825"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/13673270610709206"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/13673270610709206","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-3270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-3270","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]}}}