{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T16:45:42Z","timestamp":1770482742640,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,11]],"date-time":"2009-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1252627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>The purpose of this paper is to examine the generation and transfer of knowledge in information technology\u2010related small and medium enterprises (SMEs).<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Based on a survey of 105 employees from 30 organizations in Barcelona, Spain, the authors use a structural equation approach to validate the conceptual model.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Personal motivation and the opportunity to learn from other employees are critical to generate knowledge. The attitudes and abilities of those who take part in the transfer process are also relevant, and this is especially true in cases when knowledge is highly tacit. Personal development is one example of knowledge\u2010based organizational and social development.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>The results point to the importance of the roles of managers and employees as bearers of initiative, voluntary effort and commitment. At the same time, they suggest that the firm's strategic planning process should include the knowledge to be transferred.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Two phases of knowledge management are studied, generation and transfer in IT\u2010related SMEs, and this study demonstrates how these processes are relevant.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270910988088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,5]],"date-time":"2009-10-05T11:47:26Z","timestamp":1254743246000},"page":"243-256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Generation and transfer of knowledge in IT\u2010related SMEs"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Zapata Cant\u00fa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Rialp Criado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Rialp Criado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bagozzi, R. and Yi, Y. (1988), \u201cOn the evaluation of the structural equation models\u201d, Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 16, pp. 77\u201094.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02723327"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barney, J.B. (1991), \u201cFirm resources and sustained competitive advantage\u201d, Journal of Management, Vol. 17, pp. 99\u2010120.","DOI":"10.1177\/014920639101700108"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergman, J., Jantunen, A. and Saksa, J.M. (2004), \u201cManaging knowledge creation and sharing\u2010scenarios and dynamic capabilites in inter\u2010industrial knowledge networks\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 8 No. 6, pp. 63\u201076.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270410567639"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrillo, F. (2002), \u201cCapital systems: implications for a global knowledge agenda\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 379\u201099.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270210440884"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b5","unstructured":"Cea, M.A. (2002), An\u00e1lisis multivariable: teor\u00eda y pr\u00e1ctica en la investigaci\u00f3n social, 1st ed., Editorial S\u00edntesis, Madrid."},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, W.M. and Levinthal, D. (1990), \u201cAbsorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation\u201d, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 35, pp. 128\u201052.","DOI":"10.2307\/2393553"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cummings, J.N. (2004), \u201cWork groups, structural diversity, and knowledge sharing in a global organization\u201d, Management Science, Vol. 50 No. 3, pp. 352\u201064.","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1030.0134"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b8","unstructured":"D'Aveni, R.A. (1994), Hypercompetition: Managing the Dynamics of Strategic Maneuvering, The Free Press, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b9","unstructured":"Davenport, T.H. and Prusak, L. (2001), Conocimiento en acci\u00f3n. C\u00f3mo las organizaciones manejan lo que saben, Editorial Prentice Hall, Buenos Aires."},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ergazakis, K., Metaxiotis, K. and Psarras, J. (2006), \u201cKnowledge cities: the answer to the needs of knowledge\u2010based development\u201d, The Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, Vol. 36 No. 1, pp. 67\u201084.","DOI":"10.1108\/03055720610667381"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b11","unstructured":"Fiddler, L. (2000), \u201cFacilitators and impediments to the internal transfer of team\u2010embodied competences in firms operating in dynamic environments\u201d, PhD Dissertation, Boston University, Boston, MA."},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grant, R.M. (1996), \u201cToward a knowledge\u2010based theory of the firm\u201d, Strategy Management Journal, Vol. 17, pp. 109\u201022.","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250171110"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grant, R.M. (1997), \u201cThe knowledge\u2010based view of the firm: implications for management practice\u201d, Long Range Planning, Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 450\u20104.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-6301(97)00025-3"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffiths, D., Boisot, M. and Mole, V. (1998), \u201cStrategies for managing knowledge assets: a tale of two companies\u201d, Techovation, Vol. 18 Nos 8\u20109, pp. 529\u201039.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4972(98)00025-X"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b15","unstructured":"Joresk\u00f6g, K.G. and Sorbom, D. (1996), LISREL 8: Structural Equation Modeling, Scientific Software International, Chicago, IL."},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kogut, B. and Zander, U. (1992), \u201cKnowledge of the firm: combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology\u201d, in Prusak, L. (Ed.), Knowledge in Organizations. Resources for the Knowledge Based Economy, Butterworth\u2010Heinemann, Boston, MA.","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.3.3.383"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lapr\u00e9, M.A. and Van Wassenhove, L.N. (2001), \u201cCreating and transferring knowledge for productivity improvement in factories\u201d, Management Science, Vol. 10, pp. 1311\u201025.","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.47.10.1311.10264"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McAdam, R. and Reid, R. (2001), \u201cSME and large organization perceptions of knowledge management: comparison and contrasts\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 5, pp. 231\u201041.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270110400870"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b19","unstructured":"Nelson, R. and Winter, S. (1982), An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Harvard Business Press, Boston, MA."},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nerkar, A. (2003), \u201cOld is gold? The value of temporal exploration in the creation of new knowledge\u201d, Management Science, Vol. 49 No. 2, pp. 211\u201029.","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.49.2.211.12747"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, N. (1995), The Knowledge Creating Company, University Press, Oxford.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195092691.001.0001"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nonaka, I., Toyama, R. and Nagata, A. (2000), \u201cA firm as a knowledge\u2010creating entity: a new perspective on the theory of the firm\u201d, Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 1, pp. 1\u201020.","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/9.1.1"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O'Dell, C. and Grayson, C.J. (1998), \u201cIf only we knew what we know: Identification and transfer of internal best practices\u201d, California Management Review, Vol. 40 No. 3, pp. 154\u201070.","DOI":"10.2307\/41165948"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b24","unstructured":"OECD (2000), Promoting SMEs in the New Economy is a Challenge for Governments, OECD, Paris."},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peterson, R.A. (1994), \u201cA meta\u2010analysis of Cronbach's coefficient alpha\u201d, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 21, pp. 381\u201091.","DOI":"10.1086\/209405"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b26","unstructured":"Polanyi, M. (1962), Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post\u2010critical Philosophy, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL."},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramirez, J. and Fornerino, M. (2007), \u201cIntroducing the impact of technology: a \u2018neo\u2010contingency\u2019 HRM Anglo\u2010French comparison\u201d, International Journal of Human Resources Management, Vol. 18 No. 5, pp. 924\u201049.","DOI":"10.1080\/09585190701249578"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reed, R. and DeFillippi, R.J. (1990), \u201cCausal ambiguity, barriers to imitation, and sustainable competitive advantage\u201d, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 88\u2010102.","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1990.4308277"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruggles, R. (1998), \u201cThe state of the notion: Knowledge management in practice\u201d, California Management Review, Vol. 40 No. 3, pp. 80\u20109.","DOI":"10.2307\/41165944"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simonin, B.L. (1999), \u201cAmbiguity and the process of knowledge transfer in strategic alliances\u201d, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 20, pp. 595\u2010623.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199907)20:7<595::AID-SMJ47>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soo, C., Devinney, T., Midgley, D. and Deering, A. (2002), \u201cKnowledge management: philosophy, process and pitfalls\u201d, California Management Review, Vol. 44 No. 4, pp. 129\u201050.","DOI":"10.2307\/41166146"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szulanski, G. (1996), \u201cExploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of best practices within the firm\u201d, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17, pp. 27\u201043.","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250171105"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b33","unstructured":"Tabachnick, B.G. and Fidell, L.S. (1996), Using Multivariate Analysis, 3rd ed., Harper Collins College Publishers, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teece, D.J., Pisano, G. and Shuen, A. (1997), \u201cDynamic capabilities and strategic management\u201d, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 18 No. 7, pp. 509\u201033.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tyre, M. and von Hippel, E. (1997), \u201cThe situated nature of adaptive learning\u201d, Organization Science, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 71\u201083.","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.8.1.71"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Von Krogh, G., Nonaka, I. and Aben, M. (2001), \u201cMaking the most of your company's knowledge: a strategic framework\u201d, Long Range Planning, Vol. 34, pp. 421\u201039.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-6301(01)00059-0"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b50","unstructured":"Winter, S.G. (1987), \u201cKnowledge and competence as strategic assets\u201d, in Teece, D. (Ed.), The Competitive Challenge, Ballinger, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, K.Y. and Aspinwall, E. (2005), \u201cAn empirical study of the important factors for knowledge\u2010management adoption in the SME sector\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 9 No. 3, pp. 64\u201082.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270510602773"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yli\u2010Renko, H., Autio, E. and Sapienza, H.J. (2001), \u201cSocial capital, knowledge acquisition, and technology\u2010based firms\u201d, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 22, pp. 587\u2010613.","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.183"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z\u00e1garra, C. and Garc\u00eda\u2010Falc\u00f3n, J.M. (2003), \u201cFactors favoring knowledge management in work teams\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 81\u201093.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270310477306"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zander, U. and Kogut, B. (1995), \u201cKnowledge and the speed of transfer and imitation of organizational capabilities: an empirical test\u201d, Organization Science, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 76\u201092.","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.6.1.76"},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b41","unstructured":"Zapata, L. (2004), \u201cLos determinantes de la generaci\u00f3n y la transferencia del conocimiento en peque\u00f1as empresas de tecnolog\u00edas de la informaci\u00f3n en Barcelona\u201d, Doctoral Thesis, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra."},{"key":"key2022030820410860600_b42","unstructured":"Zeller, R.A. and Carmines, E.G. (1980), Measurement in the Social Sciences: The Link Between Theory and Data, Cambridge University Press, London."}],"container-title":["Journal of Knowledge Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/13673270910988088","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/13673270910988088\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/13673270910988088\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:11:39Z","timestamp":1753402299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jkm\/article\/13\/5\/243-256\/269125"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Carrillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,11]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/13673270910988088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/13673270910988088","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-3270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-3270","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,11]]}}}