{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T20:41:10Z","timestamp":1785962470847,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]],"date-time":"2012-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>This study aims to present a model that can be used for predicting effective knowledge sharing behaviors in cross\u2010functional project teams.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Drawn from the extant literature, a coopetitive model of knowledge sharing is postulated. Data from 115 project managers are used to test the proposed model, using partial least squares (PLS).<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>The findings confirm the applicability and predictive power of the proposed model. Three dimensions of cross\u2010functional cooperation (cooperative task orientation, cooperative communication, and cooperative interpersonal relationships) were proved to directly drive effective knowledge sharing behaviors. The results show that competition affects effective knowledge sharing behaviors through influencing cooperative behaviors. In addition, this study shows that different dimensions of competition generate mixed impacts. Competition for tangible resources was found to positively affect cooperative communication of individuals, whereas competition for intangible resources (political competition) had negative impacts on cooperative communication and task orientations.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>This study contributes to the extant literature by presenting a model that predicts effective knowledge sharing practices in cross\u2010functional projects. In addition, the results advance the current understanding of the concept and modeling of coopetitive knowledge sharing.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>The proposed model of this study can be used by managers in order to facilitate problematic knowledge sharing processes within cross\u2010functional teams.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>This study stands as one of the first attempts in providing a model that explains the forces behind effective knowledge sharing behaviors in cross\u2010functional teams. The model explores coopetition effect in a systematic way, which has not been previously studied.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/13673271211218889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,24]],"date-time":"2012-03-24T09:11:17Z","timestamp":1332580277000},"page":"285-301","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Knowledge sharing in cross\u2010functional teams: a coopetitive model"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shahla","family":"Ghobadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"D'Ambra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b2","unstructured":"Anderson, J.C. and Gerbing, D.W. (1988), \u201cStructural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two\u2010step approach\u201d, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 103 No. 3, pp. 411\u201023."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b1","unstructured":"Anderson, J.C. and Narus, J.A. (1990), \u201cA model of distributor firm and manufacturer firm working partnerships\u201d, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 44, January, pp. 42\u201058."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Argote, L., Ingram, P., Levine, J.M. and Moreland, R.L. (2000), \u201cKnowledge transfer in organizations: learning from the experience of others\u201d, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 82 No. 1, pp. 1\u20108.","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.2000.2883"},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b4","unstructured":"Avital, M. and Singh, B. (2007), \u201cThe impact of collaboration and competition on project performance\u201d, paper presented at the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS), Montreal, available at: http:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/icis2007\/89 (accessed 10 January 2011)."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b5","unstructured":"Baer, M., Leenders, R.T.A.J., Oldham, G.R. and Vadera, A.K. (2010), \u201cWin or lose the battle for creativity: the power and perils of intergroup competition\u201d, The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 53 No. 4, pp. 827\u201045."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b6","unstructured":"Baruch, Y. and Holtom, B.C. (2008), \u201cSurvey response rate levels and trends in organizational research\u201d, Human Relations, Vol. 61 No. 8, pp. 1139\u201060."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b7","unstructured":"Carlile, P.R. (2004), \u201cTransferring, translating, and transforming: an integrative framework for managing knowledge across boundaries\u201d, Organization Science, Vol. 15 No. 5, pp. 555\u201068."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b8","unstructured":"Chin, W.W. and Newsted, P.R. (1999), \u201cStructural equation modeling analysis with small samples using partial least squares\u201d, Statistical Strategies for Small Sample Research, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 307\u201041."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chin, W.W., Marcolin, B.L. and Newsted, P.R. (2003), \u201cA partial least squares latent variable modeling approach for measuring interaction effects: results from a Monte Carlo simulation study and an electronic\u2010mail emotion\/adoption study\u201d, Information System Research, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 189\u2010217.","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.14.2.189.16018"},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b10","unstructured":"Churchill, G. (1979), \u201cA paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs\u201d, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. XVI, February, pp. 64\u201073."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b11","unstructured":"Clark, K.B. and Wheelwright, S.C. (1992), \u201cOrganizing and leading \u201cheavyweight\u201d development teams\u201d, California Management Review, Vol. 34 No. 3, pp. 9\u201028."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b12","unstructured":"Davenport, T.H., Long, D.D. and Beers, M.C. (1998), \u201cSuccessful knowledge management projects\u201d, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp. 43\u201057."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b13","unstructured":"De Clercq, D., Thongpapanl, N. and Dimov, D. (2009), \u201cWhen good conflict gets better and bad conflict becomes worse: the role of social capital in the conflict\u2010innovation relationship\u201d, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 37 No. 3, pp. 283\u201097."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b14","unstructured":"De Dreu, C.K.W. (2007), \u201cCooperative outcome interdependence, task reflexivity, and team effectiveness: a motivated information processing perspective\u201d, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 92 No. 3, pp. 628\u201037."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b15","unstructured":"Doty, D.H. and Glick, W.H. (1998), \u201cCommon methods bias: does common methods variance really bias results?\u201d, Organizational Research Methods, Vol. 1 No. 4, pp. 374\u2010406."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b16","unstructured":"Falk, R.F. and Miller, N.B. (1992), A Primer for Soft Modeling, The University of Akron Press, Akron, OH."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b17","unstructured":"Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.G. and Buchner, A. (2007), \u201cG*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences\u201d, Behavior Research Methods, Vol. 39 No. 2, pp. 175\u201091."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b18","unstructured":"Fornell, C. and Larker, D.F. (1981), \u201cEvaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error\u201d, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 60 No. 7, pp. 39\u201050."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b19","unstructured":"Ghobadi, S. and D'Ambra, J. (2011), \u201cConceptualization of cross\u2010functional coopetition: simultaneous cooperation and competition\u201d, under submission, University of New South Wales, Sydney, August."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b20","unstructured":"Haas, M.R. and Hansen, M.T. (2005), \u201cWhen using knowledge can hurt performance: the value of organizational capabilities in a management consulting company\u201d, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 26 No. 1, pp. 1\u201024."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b21","unstructured":"Haas, M.R. and Hansen, M.T. (2007), \u201cDifferent knowledge, different benefits: toward a productivity perspective on knowledge sharing in organizations\u201d, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 28 No. 11, pp. 1133\u201053."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b22","unstructured":"Hasty, B.K., Massey, A.P. and Brown, S.A. (2006), \u201cRole\u2010based experiences, media perceptions, and knowledge transfer success in virtual dyads\u201d, Group Decision and Negotiation, Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 367\u201087."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b23","unstructured":"Hendriks, P. (1999), \u201cWhy share knowledge? The influence of ICT on the motivation for knowledge sharing\u201d, Knowledge and Process Management, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 91\u2010100."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b24","unstructured":"Holland, S., Gaston, K. and Gomes, J. (2000), \u201cCritical success factors for cross\u2010functional teamwork in new product development\u201d, International Journal of Management Reviews, Vol. 2 No. 3, pp. 231\u201059."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b25","unstructured":"Hong, J.F.L. (2008), \u201cKnowledge\u2010sharing in cross\u2010functional virtual teams\u201d, Journal of General Management, Vol. 34 No. 2, pp. 21\u201037."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b26","unstructured":"Hoyle, R.H. (1999), Statistical Strategies for Small Sample Research, Sage Publications, London."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b27","unstructured":"Huang, J.C. and Newell, S. (2003), \u201cKnowledge integration processes and dynamics within the context of cross\u2010functional projects\u201d, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 167\u201076."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b28","unstructured":"Janz, B.D. and Prasarnphanich, P. (2005), \u201cUnderstanding knowledge creation, transfer, and application: investigating cooperative, autonomous systems development teams\u201d, paper presented at the 38th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Big Island, HI, available at: http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/xpls\/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1385747 (accessed 11 January 2010)."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b29","unstructured":"Jehn, K.A. (1994), \u201cEnhancing effectiveness: an investigation of advantages and disadvantages of value\u2010based intragroup conflict\u201d, International Journal of Conflict Management, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 223\u201038."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b30","unstructured":"Joshi, K.D., Sarker, S. and Sarker, S. (2007), \u201cKnowledge transfer within information systems development teams: examining the role of knowledge source attributes\u201d, Decision Support Systems, Vol. 43 No. 1, pp. 322\u201035."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b31","unstructured":"Kane, A.A., Argote, L. and Levine, J.M. (2005), \u201cKnowledge transfer between groups via personnel rotation: effects of social identity and knowledge quality\u201d, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 96 No. 1, pp. 56\u201071."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b32","unstructured":"Keller, R.T. (2001), \u201cCross\u2010functional project groups in research and new product development: diversity, communications, job stress, and outcomes\u201d, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 44 No. 3, pp. 547\u201055."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b33","unstructured":"Kumar, J.A. and Ganesh, L.S. (2009), \u201cResearch on knowledge transfer in organizations: a morphology\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 13 No. 4, pp. 161\u201074."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b34","unstructured":"Lado, A.A., Boyd, N.G. and Hanlon, S.C. (1997), \u201cCompetition, cooperation, and the search for economic rents: a syncretic model\u201d, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 110\u201041."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b35","unstructured":"Levina, N. (2005), \u201cCollaborating on multiparty information systems development projects: a collective reflection\u2010in\u2010action view\u201d, Information Systems Research, Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 109\u201030."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b36","unstructured":"Levina, N. and Vaast, E. (2008), \u201cInnovating or doing as told? Status differences and overlapping boundaries in offshore collaboration\u201d, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 32 No. 2, pp. 307\u201032."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b37","unstructured":"Li, C. and Hsieh, C. (2009), \u201cThe impact of knowledge stickiness on knowledge transfer implementation, internalization, and satisfaction for multinational corporations\u201d, International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 29 No. 6, pp. 425\u201035."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b38","unstructured":"Lin, B. (2007), \u201cThe effects of cross\u2010functional cooperation and competition on new product performance: how does knowledge management processes matter?\u201d, Master of Philosophy, Department of Management, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b39","unstructured":"Lin, S.P., Wang, Y.C., Tsai, Y.H. and Hsu, Y.F. (2010), \u201cPerceived job effectiveness in coopetition: a survey of virtual teams within business organizations\u201d, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 26 No. 1, pp. 1598\u2010606."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b40","unstructured":"Liu, J.Y.C., Chen, V.J., Chan, C. and Lie, T. (2008), \u201cThe impact of software process standardization on software flexibility and project management performance: control theory perspective\u201d, Information and Software Technology, Vol. 50, pp. 889\u201096."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b41","unstructured":"Loebecke, C., Van Fenema, P.C. and Powell, P. (1999), \u201cCo\u2010opetition and knowledge transfer\u201d, The Database for Advances in Information Systems, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp. 14\u201025."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lorange, P. (1996), \u201cStrategy at the leading edge \u2013 interactive strategy \u2013 alliances and partnership\u201d, Long Range Planning, Vol. 29 No. 4, pp. 581\u20104.","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-6301(96)00051-9"},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b43","unstructured":"Love, J.H. and Roper, S. (2009), \u201cOrganizing innovation: complementarities between cross\u2010functional teams\u201d, Technovation, Vol. 29 No. 3, pp. 192\u2010203."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b44","unstructured":"Luo, X., Slotegraaf, R.J. and Pan, X. (2006), \u201cCross\u2010functional coopetition: the simultaneous role of cooperation and competition within firms\u201d, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 70 No. 1, pp. 67\u201080."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b45","unstructured":"McDonough, E.F. (2000), \u201cInvestigation of factors contributing to the success of cross\u2010functional teams\u201d, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 17 No. 3, pp. 221\u201035."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b46","unstructured":"Nambisan, S. and Wilemon, D. (2000), \u201cSoftware development and new product development: potentials for cross\u2010domain knowledge sharing\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 47 No. 2, pp. 211\u201020."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b47","unstructured":"Nelson, K.M. and Cooprider, J.G. (1996), \u201cThe contribution of shared knowledge to IS group performance\u201d, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 409\u201032."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b48","unstructured":"Pinto, M.B., Pinto, J.K. and Prescott, J. (1993), \u201cAntecedents and consequences of project team cross\u2010functional cooperation\u201d, Management Science, Vol. 39 No. 10, pp. 1281\u201097."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b49","unstructured":"Randel, A.E. and Jaussi, K.S. (2003), \u201cFunctional background identity, diversity, and individual performance in cross\u2010functional teams\u201d, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 46 No. 6, pp. 763\u201074."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b50","unstructured":"Sethi, R., Smith, D.C. and Park, C.W. (2001), \u201cCross\u2010functional product development teams, creativity, and the innovativeness of new consumer products\u201d, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 38 No. 1, pp. 73\u201085."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b51","unstructured":"Stouten, J. and De Cremer, D. (2010), \u201cSeeing is believing: the effects of facial expressions on emotion and verbal communication in social dilemmas\u201d, Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 271\u201087."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b52","unstructured":"Szulanski, G. (1996), \u201cExploring internal stickiness: impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm\u201d, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 27\u201044."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b53","unstructured":"Szulanski, G. (2000), \u201cThe process of knowledge transfer: a diachronic analysis of stickiness\u201d, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 82 No. 1, pp. 9\u201027."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b54","unstructured":"Tsai, W. (2002), \u201cSocial structure of \u2018coopetition\u2019 within a multiunit organization: coordination, competition, and intraorganizational knowledge sharing\u201d, Organization Science, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 179\u201090."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b55","unstructured":"Van Der Bij, H., Song, M.X. and Weggeman, M. (2003), \u201cAn empirical investigation into the antecedents of knowledge dissemination at the strategic business unit level\u201d, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 20 No. 2, pp. 163\u201079."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b56","unstructured":"Wasko, M.M. and Faraj, S. (2000), \u201c\u2018It is what one does\u2019: why people participate and help others in electronic communities of practice\u201d, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 155\u201073."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b57","unstructured":"Witt, L.A., Hilton, T.F. and Hochwarter, W.A. (2001), \u201cAddressing politics in matrix teams\u201d, Group and Organization Management, Vol. 26 No. 2, pp. 230\u201047."},{"key":"key2021010602054804500_b60","unstructured":"Yang, H.L. and Wu, T.C.T. (2008), \u201cKnowledge sharing in an organization\u201d, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 75 No. 8, pp. 1128\u201056."}],"container-title":["Journal of Knowledge Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/13673271211218889\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/13673271211218889\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:12:00Z","timestamp":1753402320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jkm\/article\/16\/2\/285-301\/256474"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/13673271211218889"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/13673271211218889","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-3270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-3270","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]]}}}