{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T20:42:41Z","timestamp":1778272961732,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,8]],"date-time":"2008-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1202428800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper seeks to examine the area of business process mining, providing an overview of state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art techniques. An outline of the main problems experienced in the practice of process mining is given along with reference to work that addresses the most challenging issues experienced in this field. This paper also aims to examine the application of soft computing techniques to process\u2010mining problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper is based on a comprehensive review of literature covering more than 50 research papers. These papers are analysed to identify current trends and future research directions in the field.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Process\u2010mining techniques are now becoming available as graphical interface\u2010driven software tools, where flow diagram representations of processes may be manipulated as part of the mining task. A significant number of papers employ mining heuristics to aid in the task of process discovery. Soft computing algorithms are increasingly being investigated to aid the accuracy and speed of mining algorithms. Many papers exist that address common mining problems such as noise and mining loops. However, problems such as duplicate tasks, mining perspectives and delta analysis require further research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The contribution of this paper is to provide a summary of the current trends in process\u2010mining practice and point out future research directions. A review of the work in this new and expanding area has been provided in the form of illustrative graphs and tables that identify the trends in this area. This is the most comprehensive and up\u2010to\u2010date review of business process\u2010mining literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/14637150810849373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,9]],"date-time":"2008-02-09T07:04:42Z","timestamp":1202540682000},"page":"5-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["A review of business process mining: state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art and future trends"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.J.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Majeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams, N.M., Hand, D.J. and Till, R.J. (2001), \u201cMining for classes and patterns in behavioural data\u201d, Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 52, pp. 1017\u201024.","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2601202"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal, R., Gunopulos, D. and Leymann, F. (1998), \u201cMining process models from workflow logs\u201d, in Schek, H.J. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Extending Database Technology: Advances in Database Technology, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0101003"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aguilar\u2010Saven, R.S. (2004), \u201cBusiness process modelling: review and framework\u201d, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 90, pp. 129\u201049.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-5273(03)00102-6"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves de Medeiros, A.K., van der Aalst, W.M.P. and Weijters, A.J.M.M. (2003), \u201cWorkflow mining: current status and future directions\u201d, in Meersman, R. et al. (Eds), CoopIS\/DOA\/ODBASE 2003, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 389\u2010406.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39964-3_25"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b16","unstructured":"Alves de Medeiros, A.K., Weijters, A.J.M.M. and van der Aalst, W.M.P. (2004a), \u201cUsing genetic algorithms to mine process models: representation, operators and results\u201d, Beta Working Paper Series, WP 124, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven."},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves de Medeiros, A.K., Weijters, A.J.M.M. and van der Aalst, W.M.P. (2005), \u201cGenetic process mining: a basic approach and its challenges\u201d, in Bussler, C. and Haller, A. (Eds), Business Process Management Workshops: BPM 2005, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/11678564_18"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b14","unstructured":"Alves de Medeiros, A.K., van Dongen, B.F., van der Aalst, W.M.P. and Weijters, A.J.M.M. (2004b), \u201cProcess mining: extending the \u03b1\u2010algorithm to mine short loops\u201d, Beta Working Paper Series, WP 113, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven."},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves de Medeiros, A.K., van Dongen, B.F., van der Aalst, W.M.P. and Weijters, A.J.M.M. (2004c), \u201cProcess mining for ubiquitous mobile systems: an overview and a concrete algorithm\u201d, in Baresi, L., Dustdar, S., Gall, H. and Materaseries, M. (Eds), Ubiquitous Mobile Information and Collaboration Systems (UMICS 2004), Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30188-2_12"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, K.C.W. and Yun, D.Y.Y. (2003), \u201cDiscovering process models from execution history by graph matching\u201d, in Liu, J. et al. (Eds), IDEAL 2003, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 887\u201092.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45080-1_124"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cook, J.E. and Wolf, A.L. (1998a), \u201cDiscovering models of software processes from event\u2010based data\u201d, ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, Vol. 7 No. 3, pp. 215\u201049.","DOI":"10.1145\/287000.287001"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cook, J.E. and Wolf, A.L. (1998b), \u201cEvent\u2010based detection of concurrency\u201d, Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, ACM Press, New York, NY.","DOI":"10.1145\/288195.288214"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cook, J.E., Du, Z., Liu, C. and Wolf, A.L. (2004), \u201cDiscovering models of behaviour for concurrent workflows\u201d, Computers in Industry, Vol. 53, pp. 297\u2010319.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2003.10.005"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, G. and Li, J. (1999), \u201cEfficient mining of emerging patterns: discovering trends and differences\u201d, International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, ACM Press, New York, NY.","DOI":"10.1145\/312129.312191"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b23","unstructured":"Dongen, B.F. and van der Aalst, W.M.P. (2004a), \u201cEMIT: a process mining tool\u201d, in Cortadelle, J. and Reisig, W. (Eds), 25th International Conference on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets (ICATPN 2004), Springer Verlag, Heidelberg."},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b24","unstructured":"Dongen, B.F. and van der Aalst, W.M.P. (2004b), \u201cMulti\u2010phase process mining: building instance graphs\u201d, in Atzeni, P., Chu, W., Lu, H., Zhou, S. and Ling, T.W. (Eds), Conceptual Modelling \u2013 ER 2004, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg."},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b25","unstructured":"Dongen, B.F. and van der Aalst, W.M.P. (2005a), \u201cA meta model for process mining data\u201d, Proceedings of the CAiSE'05 Workshops, Vol. 2, pp. 309\u201020."},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b26","unstructured":"Dongen, B.F. and van der Aalst, W.M.P. (2005b), \u201cMulti\u2010phase process mining: aggregating instance graphs into EPCs and Petri nets\u201d, paper presented at 2nd International Workshop on Applications of Petri Nets to Coordination, Workflow and Business Process Management, at the ICATPN, Miami, FL, June."},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dongen, B.F., van der Aalst, W.M.P. and Verbeek, H.M.W. (2005a), \u201cVerification of EPCs: using reduction rules and Petri nets\u201d, in Pastor, O. and Cunha, J.F. (Eds), 17th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE 2005), Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 372\u201086.","DOI":"10.1007\/11431855_26"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b27","unstructured":"Dongen, B.F., Alves de Medeiros, A.K., Verbeek, H.M.W., Weijters, A.J.M.M. and van der Aalst, W.M.P. (2005b), \u201cThe ProM framework: a new era in process mining tool support\u201d, in Ciardo, G. and Darondeau, P. (Eds), 26th International Conference on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets (ICATPN 2005), Springer Verlag, Heidelberg."},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b29","unstructured":"Dustdar, S., Hoffmann, T. and van der Aalst, W. (2004), \u201cMining of ad\u2010hoc business processes with TeamLog\u201d, Technical Report TUV\u20101841\u20102004\u201007, Technical University of Vienna, Vienna."},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaaloul, W. and Godart, C. (2005), \u201cMining workflow recovery from event based logs\u201d, in van der Aalst, W.M.P. et al. (Eds), BPM 2005, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/11538394_12"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golani, M. and Pinter, S. (2003), \u201cGenerating a process model from a process audit log\u201d, in van der Aalst, W.M.P. (Ed.), Business Process Management, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44895-0_10"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greco, G., Guzzo, A., Manco, G. and Sacca, D. (2005), \u201cMining and reasoning on workflows\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 17 No. 4, pp. 519\u201034.","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2005.63"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greco, G., Guzzo, A., Pontieri, L. and Sacca, D. (2004), \u201cMining expressive process models by clustering workflow traces\u201d, in Dai, H., Srikant, R. and Zhang, C. (Eds), PAKDD 2004, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 52\u201062.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24775-3_8"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hammori, M., Herbst, J. and Kleiner, N. (2004), \u201cInteractive workflow mining\u201d, in Desel, B.P. and Weske, M. (Eds), Business Process Management, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 211\u201066.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-25970-1_14"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b35","unstructured":"Herbst, J. and Karagiannis, D. (1998), \u201cIntegrating machine learning and workflow management to support acquisition and adaptation of workflow models\u201d, Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC."},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herbst, J. and Karagiannis, D. (2004), \u201cWorkflow mining with InWoLvE\u201d, Computers in Industry, Vol. 53, pp. 245\u201064.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2003.10.002"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hwang, S.Y. (2002), \u201cOn the discovery of process models from their instances\u201d, Decision Support Systems, Vol. 34, pp. 41\u201057.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9236(02)00008-8"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hwang, S.Y., Wei, C.P. and Yang, W.S. (2004), \u201cDiscovery of temporal patterns from process instances\u201d, Computers in Industry, Vol. 53, pp. 345\u201064.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2003.10.006"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mannila, H. and Rusakov, D. (2001), \u201cDecomposition of event sequences into independent components\u201d, Proceedings of the First SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Chicago, 5\u20107 April.","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611972719.2"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maruster, L., Weijters, A.J.M.M., van der Aalst, W.M.P. and van den Bosch, A. (2002a), \u201cProcess mining: discovering direct successors in process logs\u201d, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Discovery Science (Discovery Science 2002), Springer Verlag, Berlin.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36182-0_37"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b40","unstructured":"Maruster, L., van der Aalst, W.M.P., Weijters, T., van den Bosch, A. and Daelemans, W. (2002b), \u201cAutomated discovery of workflow logs from hospital data\u201d, in Dousson, C., H\u00f6ppner, F. and Quiniou, R. (Eds), Proceedings of the ECAI Workshop on Knowledge Discovery and Spatial Data, pp. 78\u201084."},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schimm, G. (2003), \u201cMining most specific workflow models from event\u2010based data\u201d, in van der Aalst, W.M.P. (Ed.), Business Process Management, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44895-0_3"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schimm, G. (2004), \u201cMining exact models of concurrent workflows\u201d, Computers in Industry, Vol. 53, pp. 265\u201081.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2003.10.003"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Aalst, W.M.P. (2003), \u201cWorkflow mining: a survey of issues and approaches\u201d, Data & Knowledge Engineering, Vol. 47, pp. 237\u201067.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(03)00066-1"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Aalst, W.M.P. (2004a), \u201cProcess mining: a research agenda\u201d, Computers in Industry, Vol. 53, pp. 231\u201044.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2003.10.001"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Aalst, W.M.P. (2004b), \u201cWorkflow mining: discovering process models from event logs\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 16 No. 9, pp. 1128\u201042.","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2004.47"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Aalst, W.M.P. (2005), \u201cBusiness alignment: using process mining as a tool for delta analysis and conformance testing\u201d, Requirements Engineering Journal, Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. 198\u2010211.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00766-005-0001-x"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Aalst, W.M.P. and Alves de Medeiros, A.K. (2005), \u201cProcess mining and security: detecting process executions and checking process conformance\u201d, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. 121, pp. 3\u201021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcs.2004.10.013"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Aalst, W.M.P. and Song, M. (2004), \u201cMining social networks: uncovering interaction patterns in business processes\u201d, in Desel, J., Pernici, B. and Weske, M. (Eds), International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM 2004), Springer Verlag, Berlin.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-25970-1_16"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Aalst, W.M.P., Alves de Medeiros, A.K. and Weijters, A.J.M.M. (2005a), \u201cGenetic process mining\u201d, in Ciardo, G. (Ed.), Applications and Theory of Petri Nets, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/11494744_5"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Aalst, W.M.P., de Beer, H.T. and van Dongen, B.F. (2005b), \u201cProcess mining and verification of properties: an approach based on temporal logic\u201d, in Meersman, R. and Tari, Z. (Eds), On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2005, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/11575771_11"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b1","unstructured":"van der Aalst, W.M.P., Weijters, A.J.M.M. and Maruster, L. (2002), \u201cWorkflow mining: which processes can be rediscovered?\u201d, Beta Working Paper Series, WP 75, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven."},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b44","unstructured":"Weijters, A.J.M.M. and van der Aalst, W.M.P. (2001), \u201cProcess mining: discovering workflow models from event based data\u201d, in Kr\u00f6se, B., Rijke, M., Schreiber, G. and Someren, M. (Eds), Proceedings of the 13th Belgium\u2010Netherlands Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Amsterdam, October."},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weijters, A.J.M.M. and van der Aalst, W.M.P. (2003), \u201cRediscovering workflow models from event\u2010based data using little thumb\u201d, Integral Computer\u2010aided Engineering, Vol. 10 No. 2, pp. 151\u201062.","DOI":"10.3233\/ICA-2003-10205"},{"key":"key2022020220310748100_b46","unstructured":"Zhang, S.H., Gu, N., Lian, J.X. and Li, S.H. (2003), \u201cWorkflow process mining based on machine learning\u201d, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC."}],"container-title":["Business Process Management Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/14637150810849373","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/14637150810849373\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/14637150810849373\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:36:03Z","timestamp":1753403763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/bpmj\/article\/14\/1\/5-22\/257787"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,8]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/14637150810849373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/14637150810849373","relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-7154"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-7154","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,8]]}}}