{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T18:08:25Z","timestamp":1754158105929,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,1]],"date-time":"1998-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":896659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>The Art of War,<\/jats:italic>by the ancient Chinese military theorist Sun Tzu, is the most famous work on military operation in ancient China and the books have been repeatedly translated, investigated and discussed. Today, Sun Tzu\u2019s<jats:italic>The Art of War<\/jats:italic>remains a compulsory text in major military schools around the world and its influences on twentieth century military thinking is undisputed. Also in recent times, the use of military strategies in the business and management contexts is increasing. This paper proposes a set of criteria based on Sun Tzu\u2019s philosophy for evaluation of business management strategies against the world class business excellence models. The total quality management models of the European Quality Award and the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award are used to compare with Sun Tzu\u2019s business management strategy model developed under the quality function deployment (QFD) methodology. The results of the QFD methodology can be used as performance indicators showing organisations\u2019 improvement priorities for self\u2010assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1108\/14637159810212299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,28]],"date-time":"2002-07-28T18:57:17Z","timestamp":1027882637000},"page":"96-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Sun Tzu\u2019s<i>The Art of War<\/i>as business and management strategies for world class business excellence evaluation under QFD methodology"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"S.F.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.S.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.K.","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022031620090637400_b1","unstructured":"Foo, C.T. and Grinyer, P.H. (1994, Organising Strategy\u2010Sun Tzu Business Warcraft, Butterworth\u2010 Heinemann, Oxford."},{"key":"key2022031620090637400_b2","unstructured":"Griffith, S.B. (1963, Sun Tzu: The Art of War, Oxford University Press, 11th printing 1983."},{"key":"key2022031620090637400_b3","unstructured":"Krause, D.G. (1996, Sun Tzu: The Art of War for Executives, Nicholas Brealey, ISBN 1\u201085788\u2010130\u20103"},{"key":"key2022031620090637400_b4","unstructured":"Lee, S.F. (1997, \u201cThe use of Chinese philosophies to assist achievement of world\u2010class business excellence\u201d, PhD thesis, University of Warwick, UK."},{"key":"key2022031620090637400_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S.F. and Roberts, P. (1997, \u201cQuality management strategy evaluation using quality function deployment methodology under Chinese culture\u201d, Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology PICMET \u201997, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/PICMET.1997.653656"},{"key":"key2022031620090637400_b6","unstructured":"Lee, S.F., Roberts, P., Lau, W.S. and Bhattacharyya, S.K. (1997, \u201cThe use of Chinese philosophies to assist achievement of world\u2010class business excellence\u201d, CIRP International Symposium on Advanced Design and Manufacture in the Global Manufacturing Era, Hong Kong."},{"key":"key2022031620090637400_b7","unstructured":"Luo, Z. (1994, Sun Tzu\u2019s The Art of War 100 Criterians, first published in 1994 in Hong Kong, The Commercial Press."},{"key":"key2022031620090637400_b8","unstructured":"Sawyer, R.D. (1994, Sun Tzu: The Art of War, Westview Press.."},{"key":"key2022031620090637400_b9","unstructured":"Wee, C.H., Lee K.S. and Bambang, W.H. (1995, Sun Tzu: War and Management: Application to Strategic Management and Thinking, first printed in 1991 by Addison\u2010Wesley."}],"container-title":["Business Process Management Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/14637159810212299","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/14637159810212299\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/14637159810212299\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:36:45Z","timestamp":1753403805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/bpmj\/article\/4\/2\/96-113\/256889"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/14637159810212299"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/14637159810212299","relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-7154"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1463-7154"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,1]]}}}