{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T18:08:29Z","timestamp":1754158109311,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,27]],"date-time":"2007-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of developments in the USA related to digital rights management (DRM) through legal, technological, and market developments in recent years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article summarizes recent developments in DRM in two areas. First is the legal landscape, including copyright law developments that apply to digital content and attempts to impose DRM technology through legislation and litigation. Second are recent advances in DRM\u2010related technology and developments in digital content markets that are based on DRM. In both cases, USA developments are compared with the situation in Europe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Developments in American copyright law, DRM technology, and digital content markets exert heavy influences on the spread of DRM in Europe, but the legal and technological frameworks are not different, giving rise to incompatibilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>DRM technologies need to evolve differently for European markets, because they need to exist in the context of fundamentally different copyright law frameworks (e.g., Private Copying) and incumbent technologies (e.g., Conditional Access television).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>European readers of this paper should gain an understanding of American DRM technology and its legal context, and how they influence developments in Europe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/14684520710731047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]],"date-time":"2007-02-28T13:12:46Z","timestamp":1172668366000},"page":"73-84","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["DRM, law and technology: an American perspective"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Bill","family":"Rosenblatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020520383230900_b1","unstructured":"Assembl\u00e9e Nationale (2006), \u201cLoi sur le droit d'auteur et les droits voisins dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de l'information\u201d, available at: www.assemblee\u2010nationale.fr\/12\/ta\u2010pdf\/ta0596.pdf."},{"key":"key2022020520383230900_b2","unstructured":"California State Legislature (2004), SB 1506, available at: www.leginfo.ca.gov\/pub\/03\u201004\/bill\/sen\/sb_15011550\/sb_1506_bill_20040921_chaptered.html."},{"key":"key2022020520383230900_b3","unstructured":"DC Circuit Appeals Court (2005), American Library Association et al. v. Federal Communications Commission and United States of America, 04\u20101037 (DC Cir. 2005), available at: http:\/\/pacer.cadc.uscourts.gov\/docs\/common\/opinions\/200505\/04\u20101037b.pdf."},{"key":"key2022020520383230900_b4","unstructured":"European Parliament (2001), Directive 2001\/29\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, available at: http:\/\/europa.eu.int\/eur\u2010lex\/pri\/en\/oj\/dat\/2001\/l_167\/l_16720010622en00100019.pdf."},{"key":"key2022020520383230900_b5","unstructured":"FCC (2003), FCC 03\u2010273, available at: http:\/\/hraunfoss.fcc.gov\/edocs_public\/attachmatch\/FCC\u201003\u2010273A1.pdf?date=031104."},{"key":"key2022020520383230900_b6","unstructured":"Lessig, L. (2004), Free Culture, Penguin Books, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022020520383230900_b8","unstructured":"US Congress (1998), Digital Millennium Copyright Act, available at: www.copyright.gov\/legislation\/dmca.pdf."},{"key":"key2022020520383230900_b9","unstructured":"US Congress (2003), Copyright Law of the United States of America, available at: www.copyright.gov\/title17\/circ92.pdf."},{"key":"key2022020520383230900_b10","unstructured":"US House of Representatives (2005a), HR 1201, Digital Media Consumer Rights Act of 2005, available at: http:\/\/frwebgate.access.gpo.gov\/cgi\u2010bin\/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_bills&docid=f:h1201ih.txt.pdf."},{"key":"key2022020520383230900_b11","unstructured":"US House of Representatives (2005b), HR 4569, Digital Transition Content Security Act of 2005, available at: http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi\u2010bin\/query\/z?c109:H.R.4569."},{"key":"key2022020520383230900_b7","unstructured":"US 9th Circuit Appeals Court (2001), A&M Records v. Napster, Inc., 239 F. 3d 1004, 1020 (9th Cir. 2001), available at: http:\/\/cyber.law.harvard.edu\/\u223cwseltzer\/napster.html."},{"key":"key2022020520383230900_b12","unstructured":"US Senate (2002), S. 2048, Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act of 2002, available at: http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi\u2010bin\/bdquery\/z?d107:s.02048."},{"key":"key2022020520383230900_b13","unstructured":"US Senate (2004), S. 2560, Inducing Infringement of Copyrights Act of 2004, available at: http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi\u2010bin\/query\/z?c108:S.2560."},{"key":"key2022020520383230900_b14","unstructured":"US Supreme Court (1984), Sony Corporation of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417, available at: http:\/\/caselaw.lp.findlaw.com\/scripts\/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=464&invol=417."},{"key":"key2022020520383230900_b15","unstructured":"US Supreme Court (2005), Metro\u2010Goldwyn\u2010Mayer Studios Inc et al. v. 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