{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T21:30:51Z","timestamp":1762032651077,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,17]],"date-time":"2007-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1176768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this paper is to examine related studies to identify which retrieval methods are supported by current digital cultural heritage libraries. In this way it is hoped to provide a direction for future cultural heritage applications to provide more complete and\/or improved retrieval functionality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The methodology of this paper is based on introducing the general concept of image\u2010based retrieval systems as well as their retrieval methods. Then, users' needs are discussed to illustrate the demands of semantic\u2010based retrieval. After the retrieval methods have been presented, current digital cultural heritage libraries are examined in terms of their supported retrieval methods that allow users to query images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current digital cultural heritage libraries mostly provide only general retrieval methods based on image\u2010based low\u2010level features, i.e. query by image contents. Very few consider other retrieval methods such as browsing and semantic\u2010based retrieval. In addition, none of the current systems provide all possible retrieval methods for users.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is the first one to examine image\u2010based retrieval methods in digital cultural heritage libraries. This study supports the improvement of retrieval functionality for digital cultural heritage libraries in the future.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/14684520710747220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,5]],"date-time":"2007-04-05T09:19:55Z","timestamp":1175764795000},"page":"185-198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A review of image retrieval methods for digital cultural heritage resources"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Chih\u2010Fong","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armitage, L. and Enser, P.G.B. (1997), \u201cAnalysis of user need in image archives\u201d, Journal of Information Science, Vol. 23 No. 4, pp. 287\u201099.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b1","DOI":"10.1177\/016555159702300403"},{"unstructured":"Baeza\u2010Yates, R. and Ribeiro\u2010Neto, B. (1999), Modern Information Retrieval, Addison Wesley, Basingstoke.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benitez, A.B. and Smith, J.R. (2001), \u201cNew frontiers for intelligent content\u2010based retrieval\u201d, Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Storage and Retrieval for Media Databases, Vol. 4315, San Jose, CA, January 24\u201026, pp. 141\u2010152.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b3","DOI":"10.1117\/12.410922"},{"unstructured":"Birkbeck, N., Cobzas, D., Espiritu, C., Jagersand, M. and Yerex, K. (2005), \u201cImage\u2010based capture, modeling and rendering for cultural heritage\u201d, Proceedings of the Canadian Annual Conference on Graphic Interface, Vancouver.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b4"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carson, C., Belongie, S., Greenspan, H. and Malik, J. (2002), \u201cBlobworld: image segmentation using expectation\u2010maximization and its application to image querying\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 24 No. 8, pp. 1026\u201038.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b5","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1023800"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, Y. and Rasmussen, E.M. (2002), \u201cUsers' relevance criteria in image retrieval in American history\u201d, Information Processing & Management, Vol. 38 No. 5, pp. 695\u2010726.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(01)00059-0"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Counsell, J. (2001), \u201cAn evolutionary approach to digital recording and information about heritage sites\u201d, Proceedings of the 2001 Conference on Virtual Reality, Archeology, and Cultural Heritage, Glyfada, Greece, pp. 33\u201042.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b7","DOI":"10.1145\/584993.584999"},{"unstructured":"Crane, G. and Wulfman, C. (2003), \u201cTowards a cultural heritage digital library\u201d, Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, Houston, TX, pp. 75\u201086.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b8"},{"unstructured":"de Haan, G. (2003), \u201cThe design of I\u2010mass as a tool for interacting with cultural heritage\u201d, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Information and Communication Technologies, Dublin, Ireland, pp. 415\u2010420.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b9"},{"unstructured":"Del Bimbo, A. (1999), Visual Information Retrieval, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b10"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Djeraba, C. (2002), \u201cContent\u2010based multimedia indexing and retrieval\u201d, IEEE Multimedia, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 18\u201022.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b11","DOI":"10.1109\/MMUL.2002.998047"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dorai, C., Mauthe, A., Nack, F., Rutledge, L., Sikora, T. and Zettl, H. (2002), \u201cMedia semantics: who needs it and why?\u201d, Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Multimedia, San Francisco, California, November 2\u20107, pp. 580\u2010583.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b12","DOI":"10.1145\/641007.641123"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Droettboom, M., Fujinaga, I., MacMillan, K., Chouhury, G.S., DiLauro, T., Patton, M. and Anderson, T. (2002), \u201cUsing the Gamera framework for the recognition of cultural heritage materials\u201d, Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, Portland, Oregon, pp. 11\u201017.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b13","DOI":"10.1145\/544220.544223"},{"unstructured":"Eakins, J.P. (1997), \u201cAutomatic image content retrieval \u2013 how usable is the technology?\u201d, International Journal of Electronic Library Research, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 63\u201088.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b14"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eakins, J.P. (2002), \u201cTowards intelligent image retrieval\u201d, Pattern Recognition, Vol. 35, pp. 3\u201014.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(01)00038-3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fidel, R. (1997), \u201cThe image retrieval task: implications for the design and evaluation of image databases\u201d, The New Review Hypermedia and Multimedia, Vol. 3, pp. 181\u201099.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b16","DOI":"10.1080\/13614569708914689"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flickner, M., Sawhney, H., Niblack, W., Ashley, J., Huang, Q., Dom, B., Gorkani, M., Hafner, J., Lee, D., Petkovic, D., Steele, D. and Yanker, P. (1995), \u201cQuery by image and video content: the QBIC system\u201d, IEEE Computer, Vol. 28 No. 9, pp. 23\u201032.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b17","DOI":"10.1109\/2.410146"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, A., Santini, S. and Jain, R. (1997), \u201cIn search of information in visual media\u201d, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 40 No. 12, pp. 35\u201042.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b18","DOI":"10.1145\/265563.265570"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hynst, S., Gervautz, M., Grabner, M. and Schindler, K. (2001), \u201cA work\u2010flow and data model for reconstruction, management, and visualization of archaeological sites\u201d, Proceedings of the 2001 Conference on Virtual Reality, Archeology, and Cultural Heritage, Glyfada, Greece, pp. 43\u201052.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b19","DOI":"10.1145\/584993.585000"},{"unstructured":"Iqbal, Q. and Aggarwal, J.K. (2002), \u201cCombining structure, color and texture for image retrieval: a performance evaluation\u201d, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Quebec City, Canada, August 11\u201015, Vol. 2, pp. 438\u2010443.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b20"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Layne, S.S. (1994), \u201cSome issues in the indexing of images\u201d, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 45 No. 8, pp. 583\u20108.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b21","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199409)45:8<583::AID-ASI13>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lew, M.S. (2000), \u201cNext\u2010generation web searches for visual content\u201d, IEEE Computer, Vol. 33 No. 11, pp. 46\u201053.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b22","DOI":"10.1109\/2.881694"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lew, M.S. and Huang, T.S. (2001), \u201cVisual information retrieval: paradigms, applications, and research issues\u201d, in Lew, M.S. (Ed.), Principles of Visual Information Retrieval, Springer Verlag, Berlin.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b23","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-3702-3_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lew, M.S., Sebe, N. and Eakins, J.P. (2002), \u201cChallenges of image and video retrieval\u201d, Proceedings of the International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval, London, July 18\u201019, pp. 1\u20106.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b24","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45479-9_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J.\u2010S., Tseng, M.\u2010H. and Huang, T.\u2010K. (2004), \u201cMediating team work for digital heritage archiving\u201d, Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, Tucson, AZ, pp. 259\u2010268.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b25","DOI":"10.1145\/996350.996414"},{"unstructured":"Mojsilovic, A. and Rogowitz, B. (2001), \u201cCapturing image semantics with low\u2010level descriptors\u201d, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Thessaloniki,\u2009Greece, October 7\u201010, pp. 18\u201021.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b26"},{"unstructured":"Ornager, S. (1997), \u201cImage retrieval: theoretical analysis and user studies on accessing information in images\u201d, Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, November, Washington, DC, Vol. 34, pp. 202\u2010211.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b27"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pollefeys, M. (2001), \u201cImage\u2010based 3D acquisition of archaeological heritage and applications\u201d, Proceedings of the 2001 Conference on Virtual Reality, Archeology, and Cultural Heritage, Glyfada, Greece, pp. 255\u2010262.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b28","DOI":"10.1145\/584993.585033"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rui, Y., Huang, T.S. and Chang, S.\u2010F. (1999), \u201cImage retrieval: current techniques, promising directions and open issues\u201d, Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 39\u201062.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b29","DOI":"10.1006\/jvci.1999.0413"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santini, S. and Jain, R. (1999), \u201cSimilarity measures\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 21 No. 9, pp. 871\u201083.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b30","DOI":"10.1109\/34.790428"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sebe, N., Lew, M.S., Zhou, X., Huang, T.S. and Bakker, E.M. (2003), \u201cThe state of the art in image and video retrieval\u201d, Proceedings of the International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval, Urbana, Illinois, July 24\u201025, pp. 1\u20108.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b31","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45113-7_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheikholeslami, G., Chang, W. and Zhang, A. (1998), \u201cSemQuery: semantic clustering and querying on heterogeneous features for visual data\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 14 No. 5, pp. 988\u20101002.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b32","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2002.1033769"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smeulders, A.W.M., Worring, M., Santini, S., Gupta, A. and Jain, R. (2000), \u201cContent\u2010based image retrieval at the end of the early years\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 22 No. 12, pp. 1349\u201080.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b33","DOI":"10.1109\/34.895972"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, J.R. and Chang, S.\u2010F. (1996), \u201cVisualSEEk: a fully automated content\u2010based image query system\u201d, Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Multimedia, Boston, Massachusetts, Novemer 18\u201022, pp. 87\u201098.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b34","DOI":"10.1145\/244130.244151"},{"unstructured":"Tsai, C.\u2010F. (2005), \u201cAutomatically annotating images with keywords\u201d, PhD Thesis, University of Sunderland, available at: www.cet.sunderland.ac.uk\/IR\/Tsai_Thesis.pdf.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b35"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsolis, D.K., Tsolis, G.K., Karatzas, E.G. and Papatheodorou, T.S. (2001), \u201cCopyright protection and management and a web based library for digital images of the Hellenic cultural heritage\u201d, Proceedings of the 2001 Conference on Virtual Reality, Archeology, and Cultural Heritage, Glyfada, Greece, pp. 53\u201060.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b36","DOI":"10.1145\/584993.585002"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vailaya, A., Figueiredo, A.T., Jain, A.K. and Zhang, H.\u2010J. (2001), \u201cImage classification for content\u2010based indexing\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 117\u201030.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b37","DOI":"10.1109\/83.892448"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wojciechowski, R., Walczak, K., White, M. and Cellary, W. (2004), \u201cBuilding virtual and augmented reality museum exhibitions\u201d, Proceedings of the International Conference on 3D Web Technology, Monterey, CA, pp. 135\u2010144.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b38","DOI":"10.1145\/985040.985060"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zach, C., Klaus, A., Bauer, J., Karner, K. and Grabner, M. (2001), \u201cModeling and visualizing the cultural heritage data set of Graz\u201d, Proceedings of the 2001 Conference on Virtual Reality, Archeology, and Cultural Heritage, Glyfada, Greece, pp. 219\u2010226.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b39","DOI":"10.1145\/584993.585028"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H. (2003), \u201cRelevance feedback in content\u2010based image retrieval\u201d, in Feng, D.D., Siu, W.C. and Zhang, H. (Eds), Multimedia Information Retrieval and Management \u2013 Technological Fundamentals and Applications, Springer Verlag, Berlin.","key":"key2022020919475624500_b40","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-05300-3_3"}],"container-title":["Online Information Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/14684520710747220","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/14684520710747220\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/14684520710747220\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:40:45Z","timestamp":1753404045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/oir\/article\/31\/2\/185-198\/314696"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,17]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/14684520710747220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/14684520710747220","relation":{},"ISSN":["1468-4527"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1468-4527"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,17]]}}}