{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T16:50:54Z","timestamp":1780505454699,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,11]],"date-time":"2008-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207872000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Behaviour in virtual learning environments (VLE), including travel, gaze, manipulate, gesture and conversation, offer considerable information about the user's implicit interest. The purpose of this study is to find an approach for user interest mining via behaviour analysis in a VLE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to research in psychology, any interaction in a VLE has implications for the user's implicit interest. In order to mine a user's implicit interest, an explicit interaction\u2010interest model needs to be established. This paper presents findings from the concept classification of behaviour in a VLE. Based on this classification, the paper proposes a hierarchical interaction model. In this model the relation between interaction and user interest can be described and used to improve system performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the experimental prototype the authors found that user\u2010implicit interest could be mined via stages of web mining, i.e. capture the user's original gesture signal, data pre\u2010process, pattern discovery, interaction goal and interest mining. The mined user's interest information can be used to update the state of local interest, leading to a reduction in network traffic and promotion of better system performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is an original study using behaviour analysis for interest mining in e\u2010learning. Research on interest mining in e\u2010learning focused on content mining or search engine and usage mining in web courses. The paper provides valuable clues regarding user interest mining in a VLE, in which the context is different from usual web courses. The research output can be implemented widely, including online learning, and especially in the VLE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/14684520810879782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,4]],"date-time":"2008-05-04T19:27:18Z","timestamp":1209929238000},"page":"133-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Interest mining in virtual learning environments"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaoliang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ningning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b1","unstructured":"Baeza\u2010Yates, R. and Ribeiro\u2010Neto, B. (1999), Modern Information Retrieval, Wesley\u2010Longman, Harlow."},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brenton, H., Hernandez, J., Bello, F., Strutton, P., Purkayastha, S., Firth, T. and Darzi, A. (2007), \u201cUsing multimedia and Web3D to enhance anatomy teaching\u201d, Computers and Education, Vol. 49 No. 1, pp. 32\u201053.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.06.005"},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b3","unstructured":"Brusilovsky, P. and Peylo, C. (2003), \u201cAdaptive and intelligent web\u2010based educational systems\u201d, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Vol. 13, pp. 156\u201069."},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chittaro, L. and Ranon, R. (2007), \u201cWeb3D technologies in learning, education and training: motivations, issues, opportunities\u201d, Computers and Education, Vol. 49 No. 1, pp. 3\u201018.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.06.002"},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b5","unstructured":"Cooley, R., Mobasher, B. and Srivastava, J. (1997), \u201cWeb mining: information and pattern discovery on the world wide web\u201d, Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, Newport Beach, CA, IEEE Computer Society, New York, NY, 5\u20108 November, pp. 558\u201067."},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b6","unstructured":"Dillenbourg, P. (2000), \u201cVirtual learning environments\u201d, EUN Conference 2000, Learning in the New Millennium: Building New Education Strategies for Schools, Workshop on Virtual Learning Environments, available at: tecfa.unige.ch\/tecfa\/publicat\/dil\u2010papers\u20102\/Dil.7.5.18.pdf."},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b7","unstructured":"Gu, R., Zhu, M., Dong, Y., Shi, D. and Wang, Y. (2005), \u201cA case study of virtual circuit laboratory for undergraduate student courses\u201d, ITHET 2005: 6th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training, Vol. 2005, pp. 21\u20104."},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamalainen, R., Manninen, T., Jarvela, S. and Hakkinen, P. (2006), \u201cLearning to collaborate: designing collaboration in a 3\u2010D game environment\u201d, The Internet and Higher Education, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 47\u201061.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2005.12.004"},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ieronutti, L. and Chittaro, L. (2007), \u201cEmploying virtual humans for education and training in X3D\/VRML worlds\u201d, Computers and Education, Vol. 49 No. 1, pp. 93\u2010109.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.06.007"},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b10","unstructured":"Klosgen, W. and Zytkow, J. (2002), Handbook of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, Oxford University Press, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J. and Za\u00efane, O. (2004), \u201cCombining usage, content, and structure data to improve web site recommendation\u201d, International conference on e\u2010commerce and web technologies, pp. 305\u201015.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30077-9_31"},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manninen, T. (2001), \u201cRich interaction in the context of networked virtual environments \u2013 experiences gained from the multi\u2010player games domain\u201d, in Blanford, A., Vanderdonckt, J. and Gray, P. (Eds), Joint Proceedings of HCI 2001 and IHM 2001 Conference, Springer\u2010Verlag, New York, NY, pp. 383\u201098.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-0353-0_23"},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b13","unstructured":"Merceron, A. and Yacef, K. (2004), \u201cMining student data captured from a web\u2010based tutoring tool: initial exploration and results\u201d, Journal of Interactive Learning Research, Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 319\u201046."},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morphew, V.N. (2000), \u201cWeb\u2010based learning and instruction: a constructivist approach\u201d, in Lau, L. (Ed.), Distance Learning Technologies: Issues, Trends and Opportunities, Idea Group, London, pp. 1\u201015.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-878289-80-3.ch001"},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mzoughi, T., Herring, S.D., Foley, J.T., Morris, M.J. and Gilbert, P.J. (2007), \u201cWebTOP: a 3D interactive system for teaching and learning optics\u201d, Computers and Education, Vol. 49 No. 1, pp. 110\u201029.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.06.008"},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b16","unstructured":"Nilakant, K. and Mitrovic, A. (2005), \u201cApplication of data mining in constraint\u2010based intelligent tutoring systems\u201d, in Looi, C.\u2010K., McCalla, G., Bredeweg, B. and Breuker, J. (Eds), Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education AIED, Amsterdam, 18\u201022 July, IOS Press, Washington, DC, pp. 896\u20108."},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ouyang, Y., Dong, Y., Zhu, M., Huang, Y., Mao, S. and Mao, Y. (2005), \u201cECVlab: a web\u2010based virtual laboratory system for electronic circuit simulation\u201d, International Conference on Computational Science 2005, pp. 1027\u201034.","DOI":"10.1007\/11428831_128"},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b18","unstructured":"Pahl, C. and Donnellan, C. (2003), \u201cData mining technology for the evaluation of web\u2010based teaching and learning systems\u201d, Proceedings of the Congress E\u2010learning, Montreal, Canada."},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pierrakos, D., Paliouras, G., Papatheodorou, C. and Spyropoulos, C.D. (2003), \u201cWeb usage mining as a tool for personalization: a survey\u201d, User Modelling and User\u2010Adapted Interaction, Vol. 13 No. 4, pp. 311\u201072.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026238916441"},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero, C. and Ventura, S. (2007), \u201cEducational data mining: a survey from 1995 to 2005\u201d, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 33 No. 1, pp. 135\u201046.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2006.04.005"},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero, C., Ventura, S. and Bra, P.D. (2004), \u201cKnowledge discovery with genetic programming for providing feedback to courseware authors\u201d, User Modeling and User\u2010Adapted Interaction, Vol. 14 No. 5, pp. 425\u201064.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-004-7961-2"},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero, C., Ventura, S. and Garcia, E. (2007), \u201cData mining in course management systems: Moodle case study and tutorial\u201d, Computers and Education, Vol. 49, pp. 1\u201017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2007.05.016"},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b23","unstructured":"Shahabi, C., Banaei\u2010Kashani, F. and Faruque, J. (2001), \u201cA reliable, efficient, and scalable system for web usage data acquisition\u201d, paper presented at WebKDD'01 WorkShop in conjunction with ACMSIGKDD 2001."},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahabi, C., Zarkesh, A.M., Abidi, J. and Shah, V. (1997), \u201cKnowledge discovery from user's web\u2010page navigation\u201d, Proceedings of the 7th IEEE Intlernational Workshop on Research Issues in Data Engineering (RIDE), pp. 20\u20109.","DOI":"10.1109\/RIDE.1997.583692"},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheard, J., Ceddia, J., Hurst, J. and Tuovinen, J. (2003), \u201cInferring student learning behaviour from website interactions: a usage analysis\u201d, Education and Information Technologies, Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 245\u201066.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026360026073"},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srivastava, J., Cooley, R., Deshpand\u00e9, M. and Tan, P.\u2010N. (2000), \u201cWeb usage mining: discovery and applications of usage patterns from web data\u201d, ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 12\u201023.","DOI":"10.1145\/846183.846188"},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b27","unstructured":"Talavera, L. and Gaudioso, E. (2004), \u201cMining student data to characterize similar behavior groups in unstructured collaboration spaces\u201d, Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in CSCL, 16th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 17\u201023."},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b29","unstructured":"Tang, T.Y. and Mccalla, G. (2002), \u201cStudent modeling for a web\u2010based learning environment: a data mining approach\u201d, Proceedings of the 18th National Conference on Artificial Intellegience (AAAI\u20102002), Edmonton, Canada, pp. 967\u20108."},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b28","unstructured":"Tang, T. and McCalla, G. (2005), \u201cSmart recommendation for an evolving e\u2010learning system\u201d, International Journal on E\u2010Learning, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 105\u201029."},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wyeld, T.G. (2005), \u201cThe pedagogical benefits of remote design collaboration in a 3D virtual environment: a case study\u201d, Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, ICALT 2005, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, IEEE Computer Society, New York, NY, 5\u20108 July 2005, pp. 824\u20106.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICALT.2005.275"},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b31","unstructured":"Yabo, D. and Miaoliang, Z. (2002), \u201cWeb\u2010based VR\u2010form virtual laboratory\u201d, Chemical Engineering Education, Vol. 36 No. 2, pp. 102\u20107."},{"key":"key2022021020353497800_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, S.\u2010J. and Choy, Y.\u2010C. (2001), \u201cA dynamic message filtering technique for 3D cyberspaces\u201d, Computer Communications, Vol. 24 No. 18, pp. 1745\u201058.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-3664(01)00321-8"}],"container-title":["Online Information Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/14684520810879782","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/14684520810879782\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/14684520810879782\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:41:00Z","timestamp":1753404060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/oir\/article\/32\/2\/133-146\/458155"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"I\u2010Hsien","family":"Ting","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,11]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/14684520810879782"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/14684520810879782","relation":{},"ISSN":["1468-4527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1468-4527","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,11]]}}}