{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T18:09:30Z","timestamp":1754158170195,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,26]],"date-time":"2008-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,26]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:title>To extract the full potential from internet\u2010wide knowledge sharing and reuse, the underlying copyright issues must be taken into account and managed using digital rights management (DRM) tools. The paper aims to focus on the issues involved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>Traditional DRM and open licensing initiatives lack the required computerised support and flexibility to scale to internet\u2010wide copyright management. Our approach is based on a semantic web ontology that conceptualises the copyright domain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Findings<\/jats:title>The Copyright Ontology facilitates interoperation while providing a rich framework that accommodates copyright law and copes with custom licensing schemes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>The ontology is based on the description logic variant of the Web Ontology Language. Despite its scalability, this variant has some limitations on expression that will be overcome with the help of semantic web rules in future versions of the ontology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Practical implications<\/jats:title>The ontology provides the building blocks for flexible machine\u2010understandable licenses and facilitates implementation because existing semantic web tools can be easily reused. Moreover, existing initiatives can be mapped to the ontology to make it an interoperability hub.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>The paper contributes a novel approach to DRM, based on semantic web technologies, that takes into account the underlying copyright legal framework. This is possible thanks to the greater expressiveness of semantic web knowledge representation tools.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/14684520810913981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,11]],"date-time":"2008-10-11T07:10:09Z","timestamp":1223709009000},"page":"585-595","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Semantic copyright management for internet\u2010wide knowledge sharing and reuse"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Garc\u00eda Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020720273210800_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camp, L.J. (2002), \u201cDRM: doesn't really mean digital copyright management\u201d, Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, Washington, DC, pp. 78\u201087.","DOI":"10.1145\/586110.586122"},{"key":"key2022020720273210800_b2","unstructured":"de Walle, R.V. and Burnett, I. (2005), The MPEG\u201021 Book, Wiley, London."},{"key":"key2022020720273210800_b3","unstructured":"Doctorow, C. (2005), \u201cCritique of NAVSHP (FP6) DRM requirements report\u201d, Electronic Frontier Foundation, available at: www.eff.org\/IP\/DRM\/NAVSHP."},{"key":"key2022020720273210800_b4","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda, R. (2006), \u201cA semantic web approach to digital rights management\u201d, PhD thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, available at: http:\/\/rhizomik.net\/ \u223c\u2009roberto\/thesis."},{"key":"key2022020720273210800_b5","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda, R. and Delgado, J. (2005), \u201cAn ontological approach for the management of rights data dictionaries\u201d, in Moens, M. and Spyns, P. (Eds), Legal Knowledge and Information Systems \u2013 JURIX 2005: The Eighteenth Annual Conference, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, Vol. 134, IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp. 137\u201046."},{"key":"key2022020720273210800_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda, R., Gil, R. and Delgado, J. (2007), \u201cA web ontologies framework for digital rights management\u201d, Artificial Intelligence and Law, Vol. 15 No. 2, pp. 137\u201054.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10506-007-9032-6"},{"key":"key2022020720273210800_b7","unstructured":"Lessig, L. (2002), The Future of Ideas: The Fate of the Commons in a Connected World, Vintage, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022020720273210800_b8","unstructured":"Litman, J. (2001), Digital Copyright: Protecting Intellectual Property on the Internet, Prometheus Books, Buffalo, NY."},{"key":"key2022020720273210800_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niles, I. and Pease, A. (2001), \u201cTowards a standard upper ontology\u201d, in Welty, C. and Smith, B. (Eds), Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS), ACM Press, New York, NY, pp. 2\u20109.","DOI":"10.1145\/505168.505170"},{"key":"key2022020720273210800_b10","unstructured":"Rosenblatt, B. (2006), \u201c2005 year in review: DRM standards\u201d, DRM Watch, January 2, available at: www.drmwatchcom\/standards\/articlephp\/3574511."},{"key":"key2022020720273210800_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samuelson, P. (2003), \u201cDRM {and, or, vs.} the law\u201d, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 46 No. 4, pp. 41\u20105.","DOI":"10.1145\/641205.641229"},{"key":"key2022020720273210800_b12","unstructured":"Sowa, J.F. (2000), Knowledge Representation. Logical, Philosophical and Computational Foundations, Brooks Cole Publishing, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022020720273210800_b13","unstructured":"Springer, M. and Garc\u00eda, R. (2007), \u201cPromoting music sampling by semantic web\u2010enhanced DRM tools\u201d, Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop for Technical, Economic and Legal Aspects of Business Models for Virtual Goods (VG07), Koblenz, Germany, October 11\u201013, 2007, available at: http:\/\/rhizomik.net\/content\/roberto\/papers\/msrg\u2010virtualgoods07.pdf."},{"key":"key2022020720273210800_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., DeMartini, T., Wragg, B., Paramasivam, M. and Barlas, C. (2005), \u201cThe MPEG\u201021 rights expression language and rights data dictionary\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, Vol. 7 No. 3, pp. 408\u201017.","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2005.846788"},{"key":"key2022020720273210800_b15","unstructured":"Wilbanks, J. and Boyle, J. (2006), \u201cAn introduction to science commons\u201d, Science Commons concept paper, available at: http:\/\/sciencecommons.org\/about\/ScienceCommons_Concept_Paper.pdf."}],"container-title":["Online Information Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/14684520810913981\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/14684520810913981\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:41:06Z","timestamp":1753404066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/oir\/article\/32\/5\/585-595\/315240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,26]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/14684520810913981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/14684520810913981","relation":{},"ISSN":["1468-4527"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1468-4527"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,26]]}}}