{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T20:02:04Z","timestamp":1779912124711,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,21]],"date-time":"2008-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1227225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the relative effectiveness of a range of search tools in finding open access (OA) versions of peer reviewed academic articles on the world wide web.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some background is given on why and how academics may make their articles OA and how they may be found by others searching for them. Google, Google Scholar, OAIster and OpenDOAR were used to try to locate OA versions of peer reviewed journal articles drawn from three subjects (ecology, economics and sociology).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 2,519 articles, 967 were found to have OA versions on the world wide web. Google and Google Scholar found 76.84 per cent of them. The results from OpenDOAR and OAIster were disappointing, but some improvements are noted. Only in economics could OAIster and OpenDOAR be considered relative successes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper shows the relative effectiveness of the search tools in these three subjects. The results indicate that those wanting to find OA articles in these subjects, for the moment at least should use the general search engines Google and Google Scholar first rather than OpenDOAR or OAIster.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/14684520810923881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,22]],"date-time":"2008-11-22T07:02:19Z","timestamp":1227337339000},"page":"709-715","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Finding open access articles using Google, Google Scholar, OAIster and OpenDOAR"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Norris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Oppenheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fytton","family":"Rowland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020620281624700_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antelman, K. (2004), \u201cDo open\u2010access articles have a greater research impact\u201d, College and Research Libraries, Vol. 65 No. 5, pp. 372\u201082.","DOI":"10.5860\/crl.65.5.372"},{"key":"key2022020620281624700_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antelman, K. (2006), \u201cSelf\u2010archiving practice and the influence of publisher policies in the social sciences\u201d, Learned Publishing, Vol. 19 No. 2, pp. 85\u201095.","DOI":"10.1087\/095315106776387011"},{"key":"key2022020620281624700_b3","unstructured":"Bergstrom, T. and Lavaty, R. (2007), \u201cHow often do economists self\u2010archive?\u201d, available at: http:\/\/repositories.cdlib.org\/ucsbecon\/bergstrom\/2007a\/."},{"key":"key2022020620281624700_b4","unstructured":"Hajjem, C., Harnad, S. and Gringras, Y. (2005), \u201cTen\u2010year cross\u2010disciplinary comparison of the growth of open access and how it increases research citation impact\u201d, IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin, Vol. 28 No. 4, pp. 39\u201047, available at: http:\/\/eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk\/12906\/."},{"key":"key2022020620281624700_b5","unstructured":"Harnad, S. and Brody, T. (2004), \u201cComparing the impact of OA (OA) vs non\u2010OA articles in the same journals\u201d, D\u2010Lib Magazine, Vol. 10 No. 6, pp. 1\u20105, available at: http:\/\/mirrored.ukoln.ac.uk\/lis\u2010journals\/dlib\/dlib\/dlib\/june04\/harnad\/06harnad.html."},{"key":"key2022020620281624700_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacs\u00f3, P. (2006), \u201cDeflated, inflated and phantom citation counts\u201d, Online Information Review, Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 297\u2010309.","DOI":"10.1108\/14684520610675816"},{"key":"key2022020620281624700_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacs\u00f3, P. (2008), \u201cSavvy searching \u2013 Google Scholar revisited\u201d, Online Information Review, Vol. 32 No. 1, pp. 102\u201014.","DOI":"10.1108\/14684520810866010"},{"key":"key2022020620281624700_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurtz, M., Eichhorn, G., Accomazzi, A., Grant, C., Demleitner, M., Hennekem, E. and Murray, S.S. (2005), \u201cThe effect of use and access on citations\u201d, Information Processing and Management, Vol. 41 No. 6, pp. 1395\u2010402.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2005.03.010"},{"key":"key2022020620281624700_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markland, M. (2006), \u201cInstitutional repositories in the UK: what can the Google user find there?\u201d, Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, Vol. 38 No. 4, pp. 221\u20108.","DOI":"10.1177\/0961000606070587"},{"key":"key2022020620281624700_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moed, H. (2007), \u201cThe effect of \u2018open access\u2019 upon citation impact: an analysis of ArXiv's Condensed Matter section\u201d, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 58 No. 13, pp. 2047\u201054.","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20663"},{"key":"key2022020620281624700_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norris, M., Oppenheim, C. and Rowland, F. (2008), \u201cThe citation advantage of open access articles\u201d, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 59 No. 12, pp. 1963\u201072.","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20898"},{"key":"key2022020620281624700_b12","unstructured":"OAIster (2008), \u201cWhat is OAIster?\u201d, available at: http:\/\/OAIster.umdl.umich.edu\/o\/OAIster\/about.html."},{"key":"key2022020620281624700_b13","unstructured":"OpenDOAR (2007), \u201cAbout OpenDOAR\u201d, available at: http:\/\/OpenDOAR.org\/about.html."},{"key":"key2022020620281624700_b14","unstructured":"Ranking Web of World Universities (2008), \u201cPremier League\u201d, available at: www.webometrics.info\/premierleague.asp."},{"key":"key2022020620281624700_b15","unstructured":"Registry of Open Access Repositories (ROAR) (2008), \u201cRepositories registered over time\u201d, available at: http:\/\/roar.eprints.org\/index.php?action=generate_chart."},{"key":"key2022020620281624700_b16","unstructured":"Securing a Hybrid Environment for Research Preservation and Access (SHERPA) (2006), \u201cThe release of OpenDOAR search\u201d, SHERPA News, 26 October, available at: www.sherpa.ac.uk\/news\/opendoaroct06.html."},{"key":"key2022020620281624700_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walters, W. (2006), \u201cGoogle Scholar coverage of a multidisciplinary field\u201d, Information Processing and Management, Vol. 43 No. 4, pp. 1121\u201032.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2006.08.006"}],"container-title":["Online Information Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/14684520810923881","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/14684520810923881\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/14684520810923881\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:41:08Z","timestamp":1753404068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/oir\/article\/32\/6\/709-715\/314380"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,21]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/14684520810923881"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/14684520810923881","relation":{},"ISSN":["1468-4527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1468-4527","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,21]]}}}