{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T22:43:19Z","timestamp":1774392199419,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,29]],"date-time":"2011-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322524800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is an open discussion in the geographic information community about the use of digital libraries or search engines for the discovery of resources. Some researchers suggest that search engines are a feasible alternative for searching geographic web services based on anecdotal evidence. The purpose of this study is to measure the performance of Bing (formerly Microsoft Live Search), Google and Yahoo! in searching standardised XML documents that describe, identify and locate geographic web services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study performed an automated evaluation of three search engines using their application programming interfaces. The queries asked for XML documents describing geographic web services, and documents containing links to those documents. Relevant XML documents linked from the documents found in the search results were also included in the evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study reveals that the discovery of geographic web services in search engines does not require the use of advanced search operators. Data collected suggest that a resource\u2010oriented search should combine simple queries to search engines with the exploration of the pages linked from the search results. Finally the study identifies Yahoo! as the best performer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first study that measures and compares the performance of major search engines in the discovery of geographic web services. Previous studies were focused on demonstrating the technical feasibility of the approach. The paper also reveals that some technical advances in search engines could harm resource\u2010oriented queries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/14684521111193193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,26]],"date-time":"2011-11-26T07:03:13Z","timestamp":1322290993000},"page":"909-927","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Discovering geographic web services in search engines"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Lopez\u2010Pellicer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aneta J.","family":"Florczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"B\u00e9jar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro R.","family":"Muro\u2010Medrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F. Javier","family":"Zarazaga\u2010Soria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al\u2010Masri, E. and Mahmoud, Q.H. (2008), \u201cInvestigating web services on the world wide web\u201d, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on World Wide Web, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 795\u2010804.","DOI":"10.1145\/1367497.1367605"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b2","unstructured":"Bachlechner, D., Siorpaes, K., Fensel, D. and Toma, I. (2006), Web Service Discovery \u2013 A Reality Check, Technical Report, DERI Galway, Galway, 17 January."},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baeza\u2010Yates, R., Gionis, A., Junqueira, F., Murdock, V., Plachouras, V. and Silvestri, F. (2007), \u201cThe impact of caching on search engines\u201d, Proceedings of the 30th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 183\u201090.","DOI":"10.1145\/1277741.1277775"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b4","unstructured":"Baresi, L. and Young, M. (2001), Test Oracles, Technical Report CIS\u2010TR\u201001\u201002, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR."},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b5","unstructured":"Bartley, J. (2005), Mapdex: an online index of Web Mapping Services, available at: www.mapdex.org\/data\/Mapdex_MAGIC_2006_public.ppt (accessed 14 September 2010)."},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b6","unstructured":"Beaujardiere, J.D. (2006), OpenGIS\u00ae Web Map Server Implementation Specification, OGC 06\u2010042, Open Geospatial Consortium, Wayland, MA."},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00e9jar, R., Nogueras\u2010Iso, J., Latre, M.A., Muro\u2010Medrano, P.R. and Zarazaga\u2010Soria, F.J. (2009), \u201cDigital libraries as a foundation of spatial data infrastructures\u201d, Handbook of Research on Digital Libraries: Design, Development, and Impact, IGI Global, Singapore, pp. 382\u20109.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59904-879-6.ch039"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broder, A. (2002), \u201cA taxonomy of web search\u201d, ACM SIGIR Forum, Vol. 36 No. 2, pp. 3\u201010.","DOI":"10.1145\/792550.792552"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brophy, J. and Bawden, D. (2005), \u201cIs Google enough? Comparison of an internet search engine with academic library resources\u201d, Aslib Proceedings, Vol. 57 No. 6, pp. 498\u2010512.","DOI":"10.1108\/00012530510634235"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Can, F., Nuray, R. and Sevdik, A.B. (2004), \u201cAutomatic performance evaluation of web search engines\u201d, Information Processing and Management, Vol. 40 No. 3, pp. 495\u2010514.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(03)00040-2"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chowdhury, A. and Soboroff, I. (2002), \u201cAutomatic evaluation of world wide web search services\u201d, Proceedings of the 25th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 421\u20102.","DOI":"10.1145\/564376.564474"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b12","unstructured":"Doyle, A., Reed, C., Harrison, J. and Reichardt, M. (2001), Introduction to OGC Web Services, White Paper, Open Geospatial Consortium, Wayland, MA, 30 May."},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b13","unstructured":"Erl, T. (2005), Service\u2010Oriented Architecture: Concepts, Technology, and Design, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ."},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodchild, M.F. (2007), \u201cCitizens as sensors: the world of volunteered geography\u201d, GeoJournal, Vol. 69 No. 4, pp. 211\u201021.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-007-9111-y"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalsa, S., Nativi, S. and Geller, G. (2009), \u201cThe GEOSS interoperability process pilot project (IP3)\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 47 No. 1, pp. 80\u201091.","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2008.2007304"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewandowski, D. (2010), \u201cGoogle Scholar as a tool for discovering journal articles in library and information science\u201d, Online Information Review, Vol. 34 No. 2, pp. 250\u201062.","DOI":"10.1108\/14684521011036972"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b17","unstructured":"Lieberman, J. (2003), OpenGIS\u00ae Web Services Architecture, OGC 03\u2010025, Open Geospatial Consortium, Wayland, MA, 18 January."},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b18","unstructured":"Liping, D., Peisheng, Z., Wenli, Y., Genong, Y. and Peng, Y. (2005), \u201cIntelligent geospatial web services\u201d, Proceedings of IGARSS 2005 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, pp. 1229\u201032."},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long, J. (2007), Google Hacking for Penetration Testers, Syngress, Burlington, MA.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-159749176-1.50006-0"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b20","unstructured":"Longley, P.A., Goodchild, M.F., Maguire, D.J. and Rhind, D.W. (2005), Geographic Information Systems and Science, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester."},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b21","unstructured":"Lopez\u2010Pellicer, F.J., B\u00e9jar, R., Florczyk, A.J., Muro\u2010Medrano, P.R. and Zarazaga\u2010Soria, F.J. (2010), State of play of OGC web services across the web, paper presented at the INSPIRE 2010 conference, Krak\u00f3w, 22\u201025 June, available at: http:\/\/inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/events\/conferences\/inspire_2010\/presentations\/80_pdf_presentation.pdf (accessed 14 September 2010)."},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCown, F. and Nelson, M.L. (2007), \u201cAgreeing to disagree: search engines and their public interfaces\u201d, Proceedings of the 7th ACM\/IEEE\u2010CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 309\u201018.","DOI":"10.1145\/1255175.1255237"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maguire, D.J. and Longley, P.A. (2005), \u201cThe emergence of geoportals and their role in spatial data infrastructures\u201d, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, Vol. 29 No. 1, pp. 3\u201014.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-9715(04)00045-6"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b24","unstructured":"Nebert, D. (2004), Developing spatial data infrastructures: the SDI cookbook, available at: www.gsdi.org\/docs2004\/Cookbook\/cook\u2010bookV2.0.pdf (accessed 14 September 2010)."},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b25","unstructured":"Nogueras\u2010Iso, J., Zarazaga\u2010Soria, F.J. and Muro\u2010Medrano, P.R. (2005), Geographic Information Metadata for Spatial Data Infrastructures: Resources, Interoperability, and Information Retrieval, Springer\u2010Verlag, Berlin."},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norris, M., Oppenheim, C. and Rowland, F. (2008), \u201cFinding open access articles using Google, Google Scholar, OAIster and OpenDOAR\u201d, Online Information Review, Vol. 32 No. 6, pp. 709\u201015.","DOI":"10.1108\/14684520810923881"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b27","unstructured":"Refractions Research (2006), OGC Services Survey, White Paper, Victoria, Canada, 9 October."},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rose, D.E. and Levinson, D. (2004), \u201cUnderstanding user goals in web search\u201d, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW '04, Vol. 04, ACM Press, New York, NY, pp. 13\u201019.","DOI":"10.1145\/988672.988675"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sample, J.T., Ladner, R., Shulman, L., Ioup, E., Petry, F., Warner, E., Shaw, K. and McCreedy, F. (2006), \u201cEnhancing the US Navy's GIDB portal with web services\u201d, IEEE Internet Computing, Vol. 10 No. 5, pp. 53\u201060.","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2006.96"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sebastiani, F. (2002), \u201cMachine learning in automated text categorization\u201d, ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), Vol. 34 No. 1, pp. 1\u201047.","DOI":"10.1145\/505282.505283"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shang, Y. and Li, L. (2002), \u201cPrecision evaluation of search engines\u201d, World Wide Web, Vol. 5 No. 2, pp. 159\u201073.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019679624079"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b32","unstructured":"Turner, A. (2006), Introduction to Neogeography, O'Reilly Media, Sebastopol, CA."},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b33","unstructured":"Vandenbroucke, D., Janssen, K. and Van Orshoven, J. (2008), INSPIRE state of play: development of the NSDI in 32 European countries between 2002 and 2007, paper presented at Tenth International Conference for Spatial Data Infrastructure, St. Augustine, 25\u201029 February, available at: www.gsdi.org\/gsdiconf\/gsdi10\/papers\/TS1.5paper.pdf (accessed 14 September 2010)."},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wenwen, L., Chaowei, Y. and Chongjun, Y. (2010), \u201cAn active crawler for discovering geospatial web services and their distribution pattern \u2013 a case study of OGC Web Map Service\u201d, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Vol. 24 No. 8, pp. 1127\u201047.","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810903514172"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whiteside, A. (2007), OGC Web Services Common Specification, OGC 06\u2010121r3, Open Geospatial Consortium, Wayland, MA, 9 February.","DOI":"10.62973\/07-095r2"},{"key":"key2022020919492044800_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, L., Yao, L., Liangjie, Z., Ge, L. and Bing, X. (2007), \u201cAn exploratory study of web services on the internet\u201d, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS2007), IEEE, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, pp. 380\u20107.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICWS.2007.37"}],"container-title":["Online Information Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/14684521111193193","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/14684521111193193\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/14684521111193193\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:41:46Z","timestamp":1753404106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/oir\/article\/35\/6\/909-927\/314100"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dirk","family":"Lewandowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,29]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/14684521111193193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/14684521111193193","relation":{},"ISSN":["1468-4527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1468-4527","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,29]]}}}