{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T21:02:24Z","timestamp":1760043744818,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,13]],"date-time":"2012-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1334275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of search engines has become increasingly common. While Google has an overwhelming majority of the market share, new and innovative search techniques are being developed. An example of these is the clustering interface used by a number of search engines, whereby results are grouped and visualised according to categories. The purpose of this paper is to examine user perceptions and experience of using clustering.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 12 Palmerston North City Library (New Zealand) staff members and patrons were recruited and the data were gathered through both observations of a search using a clustering search engine (Carrot2Clustering) and via semi\u2010structured interviews. The data were analysed according to four themes: features, look and feel, results and clusters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings from this study revealed that the use of clusters can assist users in the search process in several ways. Evidence was also found to support previous research indicating the importance of labelling the clusters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This exploratory research provides some insights into users' perceived cognitive load in using a clustering search engine as compared to using a list\u2010based search engine. The authors explored how searchers compare their overall experience of using clustering search engines to using traditional list\u2010based engines and the extent to which the clustering presentation influences the progression of a search. The authors also examined the extent to which searchers make use of the feedback a clustering search engine provides to refine, rephrase or redefine their initial search.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/14684521211229075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,28]],"date-time":"2012-04-28T07:27:41Z","timestamp":1335598061000},"page":"278-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Searching with clustering"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Melissa","family":"Burt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chern","family":"Li Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anick, P. (2003), \u201cUsing terminological feedback for web search refinement: a log\u2010based study\u201d, Proceedings of the 26th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, ACM Press, New York, NY, pp. 88\u201095.","DOI":"10.1145\/860435.860453"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b2","unstructured":"Ashcraft, M.H. and Radvansky, G.A. (2010), Cognition, Pearson Education, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bates, M. (1989), \u201cThe design of browsing and berrypicking techniques for the online search interface\u201d, available at: www.gseis.ucla.edu\/faculty\/berrypicking.html (accessed 21 September 2009).","DOI":"10.1108\/eb024320"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b4","unstructured":"Belkin, N. (1980), \u201cAnomalous states of knowledge as a basis for information retrieval\u201d, Canadian Journal of Information Science, Vol. 5, May, pp. 133\u201043."},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b5","unstructured":"Bryman, A. (2008), Social Research Methods, Oxford University Press, Oxford."},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carpineto, C., Osinski, S., Romano, G. and Weiss, D. (2009), \u201cA survey of web clustering engines\u201d, ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 41 No. 3, pp. 17\u201038.","DOI":"10.1145\/1541880.1541884"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H. and Dumais, S. (2000), \u201cBringing order to the web: automatically categorizing search results\u201d, Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM Press, New York, NY, pp. 145\u201052.","DOI":"10.1145\/332040.332418"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cole, C., Leide, J.E., Large, A. and Beheshti, J. (2005), \u201cPutting it together online: information need identification for the domain novice user\u201d, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 65 No. 7, pp. 684\u201094.","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20156"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b10","unstructured":"Denscombe, M. (2003), The Good Research Guide for Small\u2010scale Research Projects, Open University Press, Maidenhead."},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dervin, B. (1998), \u201cSense\u2010making theory and practice: an overview of user interests in knowledge seeking and use\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 36\u201046.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673279810249369"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellis, D. (1989), \u201cA behavioural approach to information retrieval system design\u201d, The Journal of Documentation, Vol. 45 No. 3, pp. 171\u2010212.","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026843"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jansen, B.J., Spink, A. and Saracevic, T. (2000), \u201cReal life, real users, and real needs: a study and analysis of user queries on the web\u201d, Information Processing and Management, Vol. 36 No. 2, pp. 207\u201027.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00056-4"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jansen, B.J., Zhang, M. and Schultz, C. (2009), \u201cBrand and its effect on user perception of search engine performance\u201d, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 60 No. 8, pp. 1572\u201095.","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21081"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, T. and Koshman, S. (2008), \u201cExploratory search in different information architectures\u201d, Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 34 No. 6, pp. 11\u201013.","DOI":"10.1002\/bult.2008.1720340606"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaki, M. (2005), \u201cFindex: search result categories help users when document ranking fails\u201d, Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM Press, New York, NY, pp. 131\u201040.","DOI":"10.1145\/1054972.1054991"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koshman, S., Spink, A. and Jansen, J. (2006), \u201cWeb searching on the Vivisimo search engine\u201d, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 57 No. 14, pp. 1875\u201087.","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20408"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuhlthau, C. (1991), \u201cInside the search process: information seeking from the user's perspective\u201d, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 42 No. 5, pp. 361\u201071.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199106)42:5<361::AID-ASI6>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, S. and Belkin, N. (2005), \u201cValidation of a model of information seeking over multiple search sessions\u201d, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 56 No. 4, pp. 393\u2010415.","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20127"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marchionini, G. (2006), \u201cExploratory search: from finding to understanding\u201d, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 49 No. 4, pp. 41\u20106.","DOI":"10.1145\/1121949.1121979"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O'Day, V. and Jeffries, R. (1993), \u201cOrienteering in an information landscape: how information seekers get from here to there\u201d, Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 Conference of Human Factors in Computing Systems, IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp. 438\u201045.","DOI":"10.1145\/169059.169365"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osinski, S. and Weiss, D. (2005), \u201cA concept\u2010driven algorithm for clustering search results\u201d, IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp. 48\u201054.","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2005.38"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b22","unstructured":"Pickard, A.J. (2007), Research Methods in Information Science, Facet Publishing, London."},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rieh, S.Y. (2004), \u201cOn the web at home: information seeking and web searching in the home environment\u201d, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 55 No. 8, pp. 743\u201053.","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20018"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b24","unstructured":"Schonfeld, E. (2009), \u201cStudy suggests people prefer Bing's design to Google's, but still won't switch\u201d, available at: http:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2009\/06\/25\/study\u2010suggests\u2010people\u2010prefer\u2010bings\u2010design\u2010to\u2010googles\u2010but\u2010still\u2010wont\u2010switch\/ (accessed 14 September 2010)."},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, P., Smith, N., Sherman, K., Goodwin, I., Crothers, C., Billot, J. and Bell, A. (2010), \u201cThe internet in New Zealand 2009\u201d, available at: www.aut.ac.nz\/research\/research\u2010institutes\/icdc\/projects\/world\u2010internet\u2010project (accessed 14 May 2010).","DOI":"10.1080\/15398285.2010.501732"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor, R.S. (1968), \u201cQuestion\u2010negotiation and information seeking in libraries\u201d, College & Research Libraries, Vol. 29 No. 3, pp. 178\u201094.","DOI":"10.5860\/crl_29_03_178"},{"key":"key2022012120194883700_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teevan, J., Alvarado, C., Ackerman, M. and Karger, D. (2004), \u201cThe perfect search engine is not enough: a study of orienteering behaviour in directed search\u201d, Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM Press, New York, NY, pp. 415\u201022.","DOI":"10.1145\/985692.985745"}],"container-title":["Online Information Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/14684521211229075","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/14684521211229075\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/14684521211229075\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:41:50Z","timestamp":1753404110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/oir\/article\/36\/2\/278-298\/314516"}},"subtitle":["An investigation into the effects on users' search experience and satisfaction"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,13]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/14684521211229075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/14684521211229075","relation":{},"ISSN":["1468-4527"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1468-4527"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,13]]}}}