{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T12:32:35Z","timestamp":1759667555524,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper seeks to overcome previous research limitations by examining both macro (industry, country) and micro (functions, enterprise) level phenomena within the information communication technologies (ICT) use of small and medium\u2010sized enterprises (SMEs). Australia and Germany were chosen because both recognise the importance of SMEs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study adopted an interpretivist philosophy and a qualitative case study method that enables gathering data which are rich in detail. Semi\u2010structured, on\u2010site interviews were carried out in eight firms of various classifications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study found that, for micro enterprises, ICT is only emerging in the form of systems that have the potential to facilitate the interactions with the outside. Small enterprises rely heavily on personal interactions, which they supplement with the use of ICT. In medium enterprises, ICT is more extensively used in interactions, both internally and with the environment. The differences between Australian and German firms do not significantly affect the extent to which ICT is infused into observed SMEs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study used the interpretivist research paradigm which is based on the assumption that reality is socially constructed. Findings indicated the need for increased organisational competencies and greater scope to use ICT to facilitate interaction with the external environment, especially customers and suppliers and forming alliances.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The case studies provided rich stories of ICT infusion in the important SME sector on an international scale and produced context\u2010aware institutionalised expectations that can help other SMEs understand ICT use. They can use the findings as benchmarks against which to measure their own endeavours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/17410390610708490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,15]],"date-time":"2007-01-15T14:16:18Z","timestamp":1168870578000},"page":"608-624","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["International case studies"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Dieter","family":"Fink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Disterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020219533620400_b1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Standards (2001), available at: www.abs.gov.au (accessed 8 October 2004)."},{"key":"key2022020219533620400_b2","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources (DITR) (2005), \u201cSmall business\u201d, available at: www.industry.gov.au (accessed 16 May 2005)."},{"key":"key2022020219533620400_b3","unstructured":"Brock, K.U.J. 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