{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:12:48Z","timestamp":1761894768540,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,25]],"date-time":"2008-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1216944000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to provide academic researchers and practitioners with a better understanding of the current Ivey Purchasing Managers Index (IPMI), with alternative IPMIs, and with their appropriateness as an indicator of the performance of the Canadian economy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper makes use of principal component analysis to investigate the choice of principal variables for computing new IPMIs based on monthly data for five Ivey indexes for the period from December 2000 to May 2006. Statistical tests were made for the validity of the existing and new IPMIs using two major indicators of Canadian business and economic activities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest that a new composite purchasing managers index for Canada similar to its US counterparts be computed based on four identified Ivey indexes. For constructing a simpler and parsimonious IPMI, the results support Ivey's current practice of using only one Ivey index, namely, the Purchases index.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a limited amount of data used for the analysis (i.e. monthly data for less than six years). Also there are issues on data comparability between the Ivey data and the US data (i.e. the Ivey does not collect separate data for the manufacturing sector or the non\u2010manufacturing sector).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a composite index akin to the PMI, business organizations and policymakers will have an accurate sense of what is happening in the Canadian economy. Furthermore, enhancing the power and accuracy of such an index will benefit supply professionals, economic forecasters, and policy experts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study offers additional insights to both practitioners and academics. It helps supply chain managers and practitioners come up with a more reliable business strategy by providing them with a weighted composite index for the Canadian economy. It also makes contributions to the academic community in the area of statistical theory applied to supply management as it has introduced the principal components variable selection analysis in the construction of a new IPMI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/17410390810888679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,16]],"date-time":"2008-08-16T07:22:29Z","timestamp":1218871349000},"page":"393-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An objective evaluation of the Ivey Purchasing Managers Index"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Danny I.","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomson","family":"Ogwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020620480594600_b1","unstructured":"Bretz, R.J. (1990), \u201cBehind the economic indicators of the NAPM report on business\u201d, Business Economics, Vol. 25 No. 3, pp. 42\u201050."},{"key":"key2022020620480594600_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, D.I. and Ogwang, T. (2006), \u201cConceptual perspectives on selecting the principal variables in the purchasing managers' index\u201d, The Journal of Supply Chain Management, Vol. 42 No. 2, pp. 44\u201052.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-493X.2006.00011.x"},{"key":"key2022020620480594600_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dasgupta, S. and Lahiri, K. (1992), \u201cA comparative study of alternative methods of quantifying qualitative survey responses using NAPM data\u201d, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, Vol. 10 No. 4, pp. 391\u2010400.","DOI":"10.1080\/07350015.1992.10509914"},{"key":"key2022020620480594600_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dasgupta, S. and Lahiri, K. 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(1991), \u201cTracking the economy with the purchasing managers' index\u201d, Quarterly Review, Fall, pp. 61\u20109."},{"key":"key2022020620480594600_b8","unstructured":"Institute for Supply Management (ISM) (n.d.), Manufacturing ISM Reports on Business, ISM, Tempe, AZ, available at: www.ism.ws\/ ISMReport\/index.cfm (accessed June 2006)."},{"key":"key2022020620480594600_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jolliffee, I.T. (1972), \u201cDiscarding variables in a principal component analysis I. Artificial data\u201d, Applied Statistics, Vol. 21 No. 2, pp. 160\u201073.","DOI":"10.2307\/2346488"},{"key":"key2022020620480594600_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jolliffee, I.T. (1973), \u201cDiscarding variables in a principal component analysis II. Real data\u201d, Applied Statistics, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 21\u201031.","DOI":"10.2307\/2346300"},{"key":"key2022020620480594600_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kauffman, R.G. (1999), \u201cIndicator qualities of the NAPM report on business\u201d, The Journal of Supply Chain Management, Vol. 53 Nos 2, Spring, pp. 29\u201037.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-493X.1999.tb00234.x"},{"key":"key2022020620480594600_b12","unstructured":"Koenig, E.F. (2002), \u201cUsing the purchasing managers' index to assess the economy's strength and the likely direction of monetary policy\u201d, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Economic and Financial Policy Review, Vol. 1 No. 6, available at: http:\/\/dallasfedreview.org\/pdfs\/v01_n06_a01.pdf."},{"key":"key2022020620480594600_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klein, P.A. and Moore, G.H. (1988), \u201cNAPM business survey data: their value as leading indicators\u201d, Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, Winter, pp. 32\u201040.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-493X.1988.tb00462.x"},{"key":"key2022020620480594600_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindsey, M.D. and Pavur, R.J. 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(2003b), \u201cA reassessment of the purchasing managers' index\u201d, Business Economics, Vol. 38 4, October, pp. 35\u201041."},{"key":"key2022020620480594600_b18","unstructured":"Richard Ivey School of Business (n.d.), \u201cIvey Purchasing Managers Index\u201d, available at: http:\/\/iveypmi.uwo.ca\/english\/ pmiindex.htm."},{"key":"key2022020620480594600_b19","unstructured":"Torda, T.S. (1985), \u201cPurchasing management index provides early clue on turning points\u201d, Business America, June, pp. 11\u201013."}],"container-title":["Journal of Enterprise Information Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/17410390810888679","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17410390810888679\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17410390810888679\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:19:15Z","timestamp":1753402755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jeim\/article\/21\/4\/393-408\/204269"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Elkafi","family":"Hassini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,25]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/17410390810888679"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/17410390810888679","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-0398"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1741-0398"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,25]]}}}