{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T06:25:58Z","timestamp":1781763958590,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,15]],"date-time":"2011-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1297728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper aims to gauge the feasibility of workflow technology as a potential solution to facilitating citizen participation in policy\u2010making processes. The gaps in and future direction of a current workflow models to be used to automate policy\u2010making processes are to be discussed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>A thorough review on the principles and philosophies of policy\u2010making processes and process models is performed to extract the core constructs of the processes. This follows critical analysis of existing workflow models to identify gaps of the models to be used to support policy\u2010making processes. An e\u2010participation perspective is also taken to identify additional modelling constructs that are required when a large number of citizens is involved in a workflow task for opinion gathering.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>While workflow technology has been adopted in the public sector, the use of the technology is mostly limited to supporting administrative business processes, leaving the potential to automate policy\u2010making processes. There are some studies that take a life\u2010cycle approach for policy making and they can be the starting\u2010point of applying workflow technology to policy\u2010making process automation. The application of workflow technology to policy\u2010making processes is expected to facilitate the participation of citizens in these processes through the automatic delivery of relevant policy issues into citizens' lives. A new type of workflow model is required to reflect factors specific to the public sector, including rules for role resolution, considering large\u2010scale citizen participation and modelling constructs to penetrate into citizens' everyday lives for proactive stimulation for e\u2010participation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis is based on a literature review, and empirical data collection could complement the analysis results of the paper. This is included in the future research agenda.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings provide policy makers with a stimulus for adopting workflow technology in the public sector. Gap analysis and future directions of a workflow model for policy\u2010making processes are expected to be informative for any practitioners who are intending to develop workflow management systems in the public sector.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper is one of the first efforts to gauge the potential of using workflow technology from an e\u2010participation perspective to engage a wide spectrum of stakeholders, including citizens, in policy\u2010making processes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/17410391111106301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,5]],"date-time":"2011-02-05T07:06:31Z","timestamp":1296889591000},"page":"197-212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Workflow technology as an e\u2010participation tool to support policy\u2010making processes"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Farhana","family":"Sajjad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahir","family":"Irani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2021010619475401600_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abowd, G.D., Ebling, M. and Gellersen, H. 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