{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T12:11:21Z","timestamp":1765368681925,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,20]],"date-time":"2009-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1258675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Research on the nature of blended learning and its features has led to a variety of approaches to the practice of blended learning. The purpose of this paper is to provide an alternative practice model, the TSOI hybrid learning model (HLM) to enhance the blended learning experiences in science education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Piagetian science learning cycle model and Kolb's experiential learning cycle model are used to structure the theoretical framework of this model. This HLM which is research evidence\u2010based represents learning as a cognitive process in a cycle of four phases: Translating, Sculpting, Operationalizing and Integrating. A major feature is to promote active cognitive processing in the learner for meaningful and engaged learning proceeding from inductive to deductive and also addressing the learner's individual learning style. Thus, it is inclined towards constructivism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper provides students' responses in terms of blog and wiki.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>An application of this HLM to enhance blended learning experiences in science education is illustrated with an authentic example on understanding multimedia learning design in an e\u2010learning environment for pre\u2010service teachers. Outcomes, feedback and implications will be discussed in the context of blended learning in science education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The HLM contributes as an alternative practice model to a new paradigm shift in designing and enhancing blended learning experiences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/17415650911009191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,5]],"date-time":"2009-12-05T07:16:52Z","timestamp":1259997412000},"page":"223-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Applying TSOI hybrid learning model to enhance blended learning experience in science education"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mun","family":"Fie Tsoi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b1","unstructured":"BouJaoude, S. and Barakat, H. (2000), \u201cSecondary school students' difficulties with stoichiometry\u201d, School Science Review, Vol. 81 No. 296, pp. 91\u20108."},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dori, Y.J. and Hameiri, M. (1998), \u201cThe \u2018mole environment\u2019 studyware: applying multi\u2010dimensional analysis to quantitative chemistry problems\u201d, International Journal of Science Education, Vol. 20, pp. 317\u201033.","DOI":"10.1080\/0950069980200305"},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b3","unstructured":"His, S. and Agogino, A.M. (1994), \u201cThe impact and instructional benefit of using multimedia case studies to teach engineering design\u201d, Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, Vol. 3, pp. 351\u201076."},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karplus, R. (1977), Teaching and the Development of Reasoning, Unversity of California Press, Berkeley, CA.","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.3660140212"},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b5","unstructured":"Kolb, D. (1984), Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ."},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b6","unstructured":"Lawson, A.E. (1995), Science Teaching and the Development of Thinking, Wadsworth, Belmont, CA."},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lisewski, B. and Joyce, P. (2003), \u201cExamining the five\u2010stage e\u2010moderating model: designed and emergent practice in the learning technology profession\u201d, Association for Learning Technology Journal, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 55\u201066.","DOI":"10.3402\/rlt.v11i1.11267"},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b8","unstructured":"Mayer, R.E. (2001), Multimedia Learning, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge."},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliver, M. (2002), \u201cWhat do learning technologists do?\u201d, Innovations in Education and Training International, Vol. 39 No. 4, pp. 245\u201052.","DOI":"10.1080\/13558000210161089"},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Renner, J.W. and Marek, E.A. (1990), \u201cAn educational theory base for science teaching\u201d, Journal of Research in Science Teaching, Vol. 27 No. 3, pp. 241\u20106.","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.3660270307"},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanger, M.J. (2005), \u201cEvaluating students' conceptual understanding of balanced equations and stoichiometric ratios using a particulate drawing\u201d, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 82 No. 1, pp. 131\u20104.","DOI":"10.1021\/ed082p131"},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b12","unstructured":"Smith, D.M. and Kolb, D.A. (1986), User's Guide for the Learning Style Inventory: A Manual for Teachers and Trainers, McBer & Company, Boston, MA."},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b13","unstructured":"Tsoi, M.F. (2007), \u201cDesigning for engaging: hybrid learning model\u201d, International Journal of the Computer, The Internet and Management, Vol. 15 No. 3, pp. 29.1\u20104."},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsoi, M.F. (2008a), \u201cDesigning for engaged e\u2010learning: TSOI hybrid learning model\u201d, The International Journal of Learning, Vol. 15 No. 6, pp. 225\u201032.","DOI":"10.18848\/1447-9494\/CGP\/v15i06\/45800"},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b15","unstructured":"Tsoi, M.F. (2008b), \u201cDesigning e\u2010learning cognitively: TSOI hybrid learning model\u201d, International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 48\u201052."},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b16","unstructured":"Tsoi, M.F. and Goh, N.K. (1999), \u201cPractical multimedia design for chemical education\u201d, in Breaker, J. et al. (Series Eds) and Cumming, G. et al. (Vol Eds), Advanced Research in Computers and Communications in Education: New Human Abilities for the Networked Society, IOS Press, Amsterdam, Vol. 1, pp. 946\u20109."},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b17","unstructured":"Tsoi, M.F., Goh, N.K. and Chia, L.S. (1998), \u201cSome suggestions for the teaching of the mole concept\u201d, in Wass, M. (Ed.), Enhancing Learning: Challenge of Integrating Thinking and Information Technology into the Curriculum, Educational Research Association, Singapore, Vol. 2, pp. 778\u201085."},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b18","unstructured":"Tsoi, M.F., Goh, N.K. and Chia, L.S. (2004), Multimedia Design: A Hybrid Approach, paper presented at the SEAMEO\u2010UNESCO Education Congress & Expo in Education Item: DDR 4705178, Bangkok (CD\u2010ROM)."},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b19","unstructured":"Tsoi, M.F., Goh, N.K. and Chia, L.S. (2005), \u201cMultimedia learning design pedagogy: A hybrid learning model\u201d, Journal of US\u2010China Education Review, Vol. 2 No. 9, pp. 59\u201062."},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b20","unstructured":"Tsoi, M.F., Goh, N.K. and Chia, L.S. (2006), \u201cUsing hybrid learning model to enhance public's scientific literacy\u201d, paper presented at The Ninth International Conference on Public Communication of Science and Technology, Seoul (CD\u2010ROM)."},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Aalst, J.W., Carey, T.T. and McKerlie, D.L. (1995), \u201cDesign space analysis as training wheels in a framework for learning user interface design\u201d, Proceedings of CHI, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 154\u201062.","DOI":"10.1145\/223904.223924"},{"key":"key2022021819561022900_b22","unstructured":"Marek, E.A. and Cavallo, A.M.L. (1997), The Learning Cycle: Elementary School Science and Beyond, Heinemann, Portsmouth, NH."}],"container-title":["Interactive Technology and Smart Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/17415650911009191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17415650911009191\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17415650911009191\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:21:28Z","timestamp":1753402888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/itse\/article\/6\/4\/223-233\/431468"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Reggie","family":"Kwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,20]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/17415650911009191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/17415650911009191","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-5659"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1741-5659"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,20]]}}}