{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T15:37:38Z","timestamp":1770478658010,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,31]],"date-time":"2007-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199059200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The behavior of tourists strongly depends on the availability and quality of information. Too little information as well as too much can be disorienting and forces many tourists to join the majority visiting major sights. This causes a few crowded places in contrast to many which are under\u2010utilized. A Destination Management Organization has the goal to spread tourists more evenly, whereas the tourists would like to enjoy the destination to its full potential according to their personal interests. The paper aims to focus on the issues surrounding the creation of a mobile tourist guide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>A field trial was conducted in the summer of 2005 to study the following questions as a precondition for the development: Is it possible to seed generic interest profiles in the mobile context that allow the accurate prediction of actual rankings? Are the interest profiles sufficiently diverse to base personalized tours on individual interest profiles instead of interest prototypes? How do personalized tours affect the spatial behavior of tourist? Three methods to elicit the generic preferences of tourist in the mobile context are compared with actual rankings using Spearman's rank order coefficient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The diversity of the interest profiles is analyzed in various ways leading to the conclusion that personalized interest profiles are necessary. For the gathered profiles tours are computed and simulated in order to gain a first insight into the effect on the spatial behavior of tourists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The dynamic tour guide is supporting both goals by means of pervasive computing based on the actual context which is defined by personal interests, location and schedule of a tourist. It enables a personalized, spontaneous and guided tour.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/17427370710863121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,5]],"date-time":"2008-04-05T07:18:14Z","timestamp":1207379894000},"page":"378-399","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Development and evaluation of a context\u2010driven, mobile tourist guide"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Ronny","family":"Kramer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Modsching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"ten Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abowd, G.D., Atkeson, C.G., Hong, J., Long, S., Kooper, R. and Pinkerton, M. (1997), \u201cCyberguide \u2013\u2010 a Mobile Context\u2010Aware Tour Guide\u201d, Wireless Networks, Vol. 3 No. 5, October.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019194325861"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b2","unstructured":"Cheverst, K., Davies, N., Mitchell, K., Friday, A. and Efstratiou, C. (2002), Developing a Context\u2010aware Electronic Tourist Guide: Some Issues and Experiences, Distributed Multimedia Research Group, Lancaster University, Lancaster."},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b3","unstructured":"Djikstra, J., Jessurun, J. and Timmermans, H. (2001). \u201cA multi\u2010agent cellular automata model of pedestrian movement\u201d, in Schreckenberg and Sharma (Eds), Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, Springer\u2010Verlag, Berlin."},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b4","unstructured":"Enarro. (2004), available at: www.eNarro.com"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fink, J. and Kobsa, A. (n.d.), \u201cUser modeling for personalized city tours\u201d, in Artificial Intelligence Review, Vol. 18, pp. 33\u201074, Kluwer Academics Publishers, Amsterdam.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016383418977"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b6","unstructured":"Freytag, T. (2003), Stdtetourismus in Heidleberg Ergebnisbericht zur Gstebefragung 2003. Geographisches Institut der Universitt Heidelberg, Heidelberg."},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b7","unstructured":"Gretzel, U. and Fesenmaier, D. (2005), \u201cPersuasiveness of preference elicitation processes in destination recommendation systems\u201d, in Frew, A. et al. (Eds), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, Springer Computer Science, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaufman, L. and Rousseeuw, P.J. (1990), Finding Groups in Data: An Introduction to Cluster Analysis, Wiley, New York, NY.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316801"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kemperman, A., Borgers, A., Oppewal, H. and Timmermans, H. (2003), \u201cPredicting the duration of theme park visitors' activities: an ordered logit model using conjoint choice data\u201d, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 41 No. 4, pp. 375\u201084.","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287503041004006"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kemperman, A., Chang\u2010Hyeon, J. and Timmermans, H. (2004), \u201cComparing First\u2010time and Repeat Visitors' Activity Patterns in a Tourism Environment\u201d, Consumer Psychology of Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure Vol. 3, pp. 103\u201019.","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851997490.0103"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b11","unstructured":"Lowry, R. (1999\u20102005), chapter 3b: \u201cRank\u2010order correlation\u201d, Concepts and Applications of Inferential Statistics, http:\/\/faculty.vassar.edu\/lowry\/webtext.html"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maedche, A. and Staab, S. (2003), \u201cServices on the move: towards a P2P\u2010enabled semantic web services\u201d, in Frew, A. et al. (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, Springer Computer Science, Wien, NY.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6027-5_14"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malaka, R. and Zipf, A. (2001), \u201cDeep Map challenging IT research in the framework of a tourist information system\u201d, in Fesenmeier, D.R. Klein, S. and Buhalis, D. (Eds), 7th International Congress on Tourism and Communication, ENTER2000, Springer Computer Science, Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6291-0_2"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modsching, M., Kramer, R., Gretzel, U. and ten Hagen, K. (2006), \u201cCapturing the beaten paths: a novel method for analysing tourits' spatial behaviour at an urban destination\u201d in Hitz, M. et al. (Eds), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, Springer Computer Science, New York, NY.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-211-32710-X_15"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b15","unstructured":"Navigon. (2004), available at: www.navigon.de"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, Q.N., Cavada, D. and Ricci, F. (2004), \u201cOn\u2010tour interactive travel recommendations\u201d, in Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2004, Proceedings of the International Conference, Cairo, 26\u201028 January 2004, Springer, pp. 259\u201070.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-0594-8_25"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poslad, S., Laamanen, H., Malaka, R., Nick, A., Buckle, P. and Zipf, A. (2001), \u201cCRUMPET: Creation of User\u2010Friendly Mobile Services Personalised for Tourism.\u201d Proceedings 3G2001 Mobile Communication Technologies, London, March, pp. 28\u201032.","DOI":"10.1049\/cp:20010006"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b18","unstructured":"Ricci, F., Woeber, K. and Zins, A. (2005), \u201cRecommendations by Collaborative Browsing\u201d, in Frew, A. et al. (Eds), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, Springer Computer Science, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b19","unstructured":"Schmidt\u2010Belz, B. and Posland, S. (2003a), \u201cUser validation of a mobile tourism service\u201d, HCI mobile Guides Workshop, Udine, University of Udine, Italy."},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt\u2010Belz, B., Laamanen, H., Poslad, S. and Zipf, A. (2003b), \u201cLocation\u2010based Mobile Tourist Services First User experiences\u201d, in Andrew Frew et al. (Eds), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, Springer Computer Science, New York, NY.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6027-5_13"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shoval, N. and Isaacson, M. (2005), \u201cThe application of tracking technologies to the study of pedestrian spatial behaviour\u201d, The Professional Geographer, Vol. 58 No. 2, pp. 172\u201083.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9272.2006.00524.x"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sloane, N.J.A. and Wyner, A.D. (1993), Claude E. Shannon Collected Papers, IEEE Press, pp. 5\u201083.","DOI":"10.1109\/9780470544242"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ten Hagen, K., Kramer, R., Mueller, P., Schumann, B. and Hermkes, M. (2004), \u201cSemantic matching and heuristic search for a dynamic tour guide\u201d, in Andrew Frew et al. (Eds), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, Springer Computer Science, New York, NY.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-211-27283-6_14"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b24","unstructured":"ten Hagen, K. et al. (2005), \u201cContext driven adaptive tour computation and information presentation\u201d, First International Workshop on Managing Context Information in Mobile and Pervasive Environments, Ayia Napa."},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b25","unstructured":"Bussler, C., Cardoso, J., Fensel, D. and Sheth, A. (2002), Semantic Web Services and Processes: Semantic Composition and Quality of Service, Irvine, CA."},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Godart, J.\u2010M. (2003), \u201cBeyond the trip planning problem for effective computer\u2010assisted customization\u201d, in Frew, A. et al. (Eds), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, Springer Computer Science, New York, NY.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6027-5_18"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b27","unstructured":"Goerlitz. (2003), available at: www.goerlitz.de\/"},{"key":"key2022020820420030900_b28","unstructured":"Horrocks, I. and Li, L. (2003), A Software Framework for Matchmaking based on Semantic Web Technology."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/17427370710863121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17427370710863121\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17427370710863121\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:22:20Z","timestamp":1753402940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ijpcc\/article\/3\/4\/378-399\/444589"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Wathiq","family":"Mansoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,31]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/17427370710863121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/17427370710863121","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-7371"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-7371","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,31]]}}}