{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T18:05:10Z","timestamp":1754157910940,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,4]],"date-time":"2008-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wireless sensor networks, due to their potentially wide application perspectives, may proliferate in future. Two major stumbling blocks are the dynamic variance of the network caused by both the capacity constraint of sensor nodes and uncertainties of wireless links, and secure routing in the special security sensitive environment. Therefore, adaptable and defendable routing mechanism is in urgent need for the deployment of sensor networks. This paper aims to propose a feedback\u2010based secure routing protocol (FBSR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Feedback from the neighboring nodes serves as the dynamic information of the current network, with which sensor nodes make forwarding decisions in a secure and energy aware manner. Feedback message is included in the MAC layer acknowledgement frame to avoid network congestion, and it is authenticated with the proposed Keyed One Way Hash Chain (Keyed\u2010OWHC) to avoid feedback fabrication. FBSR's resilience to node compromise is enhanced by statistic efforts accomplished by the base station.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both mathematical analysis and simulation results show that FBSR is not only reliable but also energy efficient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper introduces a novel routing scheme for wireless sensor networks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/17427370810873110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,24]],"date-time":"2008-05-24T07:14:38Z","timestamp":1211613278000},"page":"61-76","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["FBSR: feedback\u2010based secure routing protocol for wireless sensor networks"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianbin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maoxing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biswas, S. and Morris, R. (2005), \u201cExOR: opportunistic routing in multi\u2010hop wireless networks\u201d, Proceedings of the Annual Conference of ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM'05), August 2005.","DOI":"10.1145\/1080091.1080108"},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b2","unstructured":"Blum, B., He, T., Son, S. and Stankovic, J. (2003), \u201cIGF: a state\u2010free robust communication protocol for wireless sensor networks\u201d, Technical Report CS\u20102003\u201011, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA."},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b3","unstructured":"Boleng, J. and Camp, T. (2004), \u201cAdaptive location aided mobile ad hoc network\u201d, Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference, 2004, Arizona, USA."},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b4","unstructured":"Cao, Z., Hu, J., Chen, Z., Xu, M. and Zhou, X. (2006), \u201cFeedback: towards dynamic behavior and secure routing for wireless sensor networks\u201d, Proceedings of IEEE International Workshop on Pervasive Computing and Ad hoc Communication, IEEE, April 2006."},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupte, S. and Singhal, M. (2003), \u201cSecure routing in mobile wireless ad hoc networks\u201d, Elsevier's AdHoc Networks Journal, Vol. 1, pp. 151\u201074.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-8705(03)00017-9"},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b6","unstructured":"He, T., Stankovic, J.A., Lu, C. and Abdelzaher, T. (2003), \u201cSPEED: A real\u2010time routing protocol for sensor networks\u201d, Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'03), May 2003, Providence, USA."},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, F. and Sharma, N.K. (2005), \u201cSecurity considerations in ad hoc sensor networks\u201d, Elsevier's AdHoc Networks Journal, Vol. 3, pp. 69\u201089.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2003.09.009"},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Y., Perrig, A. and Johnson, D. (2002), \u201cAriadne: a secure on\u2010demand routing protocol for ad hoc networks\u201d, The 8th ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, September 2002, Georgia, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/570645.570648"},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Y.\u2010C., Johnson, D.B. and Perrig, A. (2003), \u201cSead: secure efficient distance vector routing for mobile wireless ad hoc networks\u201d, Elesevier Journal of Ad Hoc Networks, Vol. 1, pp. 175\u201092.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-8705(03)00019-2"},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b10","unstructured":"Karlof, C. and Wagner, D. (2003), \u201cSecure routing in wireless sensor networks: attacks and coutermeasures,\u201d Elsevier's Ad Hoc Networks Journal, Special Issue on Sensor Network Applications and Protocols, September, pp. 113\u201027."},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b11","unstructured":"Kasten, O. (online), \u201cEnergy consumption\u201d in ETH\u2010Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, available at: www.inf.ethz.ch\/\u223ckasten\/research\/bathtub\/energy consumption.html"},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newsome, J., Shi, R., Song, D. and Perrig, A. (2004), \u201cThe sybil attack in sensor networks: analysis and defenses\u201d, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN 2004), April 2004, California, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/984622.984660"},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b13","unstructured":"Ngai, E.C.H., Liu, J. and Lyu, M.R. (2006), \u201cOn the intruder detection for sinkhole attack in wireless sensor networks\u201d, Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC'06), Istanbul, Turkey."},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b14","unstructured":"NS2 (online), available at: www.isi.edu\/nsnam\/ns\/"},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parno, B., Luk, M., Gaustad, E. and Perrig, A. (2006), \u201cSecure sensor network routing: a clean\u2010slate approach\u201d, Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Future Networking Technologies (CoNEXT'06), December 2006, Lisboa, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1145\/1368436.1368452"},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perrig, A., Szewczyk, R., Wen, V., Culler, D. and Tygar, J. (2002), \u201cSPINS: security protocols for sensor networks\u201d, Wireless Networks, Vol. 8 No. 5, pp. 521\u201034.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016598314198"},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b17","unstructured":"Pervaiz, M.O., Cardei, M. and Wu, J. (2006), \u201cRouting security in ad hoc wireless networks\u201d, in Huang, S., MacCallum, D. and Du, D.\u2010Z. (Eds), Network Security, Springer, Berlin."},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piotrowski, K., Langendoerfer, P. and Peter, S. (2006), \u201cHow public key cryptography influences wireless sensor node lifetime\u201d, Proceedings of ACM Workshop on Security in Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks (SASN'06), October 2006.","DOI":"10.1145\/1180345.1180366"},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b19","unstructured":"Sanzgiri, K., Dahill, B., Levine, B.N., Shields, C. and Belding\u2010Royer, E.M. (2002), \u201cA secure routing protocol for ad hoc networks\u201d, Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP'02), IEEE Computer Society, November, pp. 78\u201087."},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seshadri, A., Luk, M., Perrig, A., van Doorn, L. and Khosla, P. (2006), \u201cScuba: secure code update by attestation in sensor networks\u201d, Proceedings of ACM Workshop on Wireless Security (WiSe'06), September 2006.","DOI":"10.1145\/1161289.1161306"},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b21","unstructured":"Song, N. and Lijun Qian, X.L. (2005), \u201cWormhole attacks detection in wireless ad hoc networks: a statistical analysis approach\u201d, Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS'05), IEEE Computer Society."},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b22","unstructured":"TinyOS, available at: www.tinyos.net"},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walters, J.P., Liang, Z., Shi, W. and Chaudhary, V. (2007), \u201cWireless sensor network security: a survey\u201d, in Yang Xiao (Ed.), Security in Distributed, Grid, and Pervasive Computing, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429119347-20"},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood, A.D. and Stankovic, J.A. (2002), \u201cDenial of service in sensor networks\u201d, IEEE Computer Magazine, Vol. 35, pp. 54\u201062.","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2002.1039518"},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood, A.D., Fang, L., Stankovic, J.A. and He, T. (2006), \u201cSigf: a family of configurable, secure routing protocols for wireless sensor networks\u201d, Proceedings of ACM Workshop on Security in Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks October 2006.","DOI":"10.1145\/1180345.1180351"},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b26","unstructured":"Yu, Y., Estrin, D. and Govindan, R. (2001), \u201cGeographical and energy\u2010aware routing: a recursive data dissemination protocol for wireless sensor networks\u201d, UCLA Computer Science Department Technical Report, UCLA\u2010CSD TR\u201001\u20100023, May."},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, D., Gritter, M. and Cheriton, D. (2003), \u201cFeedback based routing\u201d, Proceedings of ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks (HotNet\u2010I), October 2003.","DOI":"10.1145\/774763.774774"},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zorzi, M. and Rao, R.R. (2003a), \u201cGeographic random forwarding (geraf) for ad hoc and sensor networks: multihop performance\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, Vol. 2 No. 4, pp. 337\u201048.","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2003.1255648"},{"key":"key2022012920362504500_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zorzi, M. and Rao, R.R. (2003b), \u201cGeographic random forwarding (geraf) for ad hoc and sensor networks: energy and latency performance\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, Vol. 2 No. 4, pp. 349\u201065.","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2003.1255650"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17427370810873110\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17427370810873110\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:24:09Z","timestamp":1753403049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ijpcc\/article\/4\/1\/61-76\/382410"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sherali","family":"Zeadally","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/17427370810873110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/17427370810873110","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-7371"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1742-7371"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,4]]}}}