{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T18:05:11Z","timestamp":1754157911932,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,27]],"date-time":"2008-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214524800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Presence of innumerable sensors, complex deduction of contexts from sensor data, and reusability of contextual information impose the requirement of middleware for context aware computing. Smart applications, hosted in myriad devices (e.g. PDA, mobile, PCs), acquire different contexts from the middleware and act intelligently based on the available contexts in a context\u2010aware computing environment. As the system grows larger, scalable delivery of contexts from the middleware to numerous context\u2010aware applications will be inevitable. However, pure unicast based or pure broadcast\u2010based dissemination cannot provide high scalability as well as low\u2010average latency. The purpose of this paper is to present a scalable context delivery mechanism for the middlewares to facilitate the development of larger context\u2010aware computing systems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed scheme is based on hybrid data dissemination technique where the most frequently requested data (e.g. HOT contexts) are delivered through multicast and the rest (e.g. COLD contexts) are delivered through unicast to reduce network traffic. The paper dynamically prioritizes and classifies the HOT and COLD context data depending on the number of requests and longest waiting time. Moreover, the division of bandwidth between the delivery of HOT and COLD contexts reduces average latency. Polling traffic is decreased by incorporating leasing mechanism. Extensive simulation is conducted to evaluate the proposed scheme.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mechanism dynamically prioritizes and classifies the hot and cold context data depending on the request rate and longest waiting time. The solution addresses the push popularity problem that occurs in the passive as the passive clients access data without sending explicit requests. The leasing mechanism is incorporated to reduce the periodical requests (polling) for better performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper is of value in presenting a scalable context delivery mechanism for the middlewares to facilitate the development of larger context\u2010aware computing systems and also in presenting implementation details of a prototype that is developed using Jini framework and Java reliable multicast service (JRMS) library.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/17427370810890265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,16]],"date-time":"2008-08-16T07:18:19Z","timestamp":1218871099000},"page":"166-184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Scalable and adaptive context delivery mechanism for context\u2010aware computing"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Lenin","family":"Mehedy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sungyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Salahuddin","family":"Muhammad Salim Zabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Young\u2010Koo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acharya, S., Franklin, M. and Zdonik, S. (1997), \u201cBalancing push and pull data broadcast\u201d, ACM SIGMOD, May.","DOI":"10.1145\/253260.253293"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aksoy, D. and Franklin, M. (1999), \u201cR\u2009\u00d7\u2009W: a scheduling approach for large\u2010scale on\u2010demand data broadcast\u201d, IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 7, December, pp. 846\u201060.","DOI":"10.1109\/90.811450"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbara, D. and Imielinski, T. (1994), \u201cSleeper and workaholics: caching strategy in mobile environments\u201d, Proceedings of ACM SIGMOD Conference Management of Data, pp. 1\u201012.","DOI":"10.1145\/191843.191844"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beaver, J., Morsillo, N., Pruhs, K. and Chrysanthis, P.K. (2004), \u201cScalable dissemination: what's hot and what's not\u201d, Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on the Web and Databases (WebDB 2004), Paris, France, 17\u201018 June.","DOI":"10.1145\/1017074.1017084"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b5","unstructured":"Chen, G. and Kotz, D. (2002a), \u201cSolar: an open platform for context\u2010aware mobile applications\u201d, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive Computing (Pervasive 2002), Switzerland, June."},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, G. and Kotz, D. (2002b), \u201cContext aggregation and dissemination in ubiquitous computing systems\u201d, Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, June.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA440675"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, S.K., Cook, D.J., Bhattacharya, A., Heierman\u2010III, E.O. and Lin, T.Y. (2002), \u201cThe role of prediction algorithms in the mavhome smart home architecture\u201d, IEEE Wireless Communications Special Issue on Smart Homes, Vol. 9, pp. 77\u201084.","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2002.1160085"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b8","unstructured":"Dey, A.K. and Abowd, G.D. (2000), \u201cTowards a better understanding of context and context\u2010awareness\u201d, Proceedings of the 2000 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, The Hague, April."},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, L., Cao, P., Almeida, J. and Broder, A.Z. (2000), \u201cSummary cache: a scalable wide\u2010area web cache sharing protocol\u201d, IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 8, June.","DOI":"10.1109\/90.851975"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furmento, N., Hau, J., Lee, W., Newhouse, S. and Darlington, J. (2003), \u201cImplementations of a service\u2010oriented architecture on top of jini, jxta and ogsa\u201d, Proceedings of the UK e\u2010Science Program All Hands Meeting 2003, Nottingham, September.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-28642-4_11"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garlan, D., Siewiorek, D., Smailagic, A. and Steenkiste, P. (2002), \u201cProject aura: toward distraction\u2010free pervasive computing\u201d, IEEE Pervasive Computing, April\u2010June.","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2002.1012334"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b12","unstructured":"Gifford, D. (1994), \u201cPolychannel systems for mass digital communications\u201d, Communications of ACM, Vol. 37, October."},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heer, J., Newberger, A., Beckmann, C. and Hong, J.I. (2003), \u201cLiquid: context\u2010aware distributed queries\u201d, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing: Ubicomp 2003, Springer\u2010Verlag, Seattle, WA, pp. 140\u20108.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39653-6_11"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, J.I. and Landay, J.A. (2001), \u201cAn infrastructure approach to contextaware computing\u201d, HCI Journal, Vol. 16.","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327051HCI16234_11"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hung, N.Q., Shehzad, A., Kiani, S.L., Riaz, M. and Lee, S.Y. (2004), \u201cDeveloping context\u2010aware ubiquitous computing systems with a unified middleware framework\u201d, Proceedings of Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC 2004), Vol. LNCS 3207, Springer\u2010Verlag, pp. 672\u201081.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30121-9_64"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johanson, B., Fox, A. and Winograd, T. (2002), \u201cThe interactive workspaces project: experiences with ubiquitous computing rooms\u201d, IEEE Pervasive Computing.","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2002.1012339"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Judd, G. and Steenkiste, P. (2003), \u201cProviding contextual information to pervasive computing applications\u201d, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing (PERCOM), Dallas, 23\u201025 March.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA461190"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehedy, L., Hasan, M.K., Lee Y., Lee, S.Y. and Han, S.M. (2006), \u201cHybrid dissemination based scalable and adaptive context delivery for ubiquitous computing\u201d, Proceedings of the 2006 IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC 2006), Vol. LNCS 4096, Springer\u2010Verlag, Seoul, Korea, 1\u20104 August, pp. 987\u201096.","DOI":"10.1007\/11802167_99"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranganathan, A. and Campbell, R.H. (2003), \u201cA middleware for context\u2010aware agents in ubiquitous computing environments\u201d, ACM\/IFIP\/USENIX International Middleware Conference, Brazil, June.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44892-6_8"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b20","unstructured":"Rosenzweig, P., Kadansky, M. and Hanna, S. (1998), \u201cThe Java reliable multicast service: a reliable multicast library\u201d, Sun Microsystems, Technical Report SMLI TR\u201098\u201068."},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salber, D., Dey, A.K. and Abowd, G.D. (1999), \u201cThe context toolkit: aiding the development of context\u2010enabled applications\u201d, Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '99), Pittsburgh, PA, 15\u201020 May.","DOI":"10.1145\/302979.303126"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b22","unstructured":"Shehzad, A., Hung, N.Q., Pham, K.A. and Lee, S.Y. (2004), \u201cFormal modeling in context aware systems\u201d, Proceedings of First Workshop on Modeling and Retrieval of Context (MRC'04), Vol. 114, CEUR, Germany."},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b23","unstructured":"Shehzad, A., Hung, N.Q., Pham, K.A., Riaz, M., Kiani, S.L., Lee, S.Y. and Lee, Y.K. (2005), \u201cMiddleware infrastructure for contextaware ubiquitous computing systems\u201d, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea, CAMUS Technical Report TR\u2010V3.2, February, available at: http:\/\/oslab.khu.ac.kr\/camus"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b24","unstructured":"Stanthatos, K., Roussopoulos, N. and Baras, J.S. (1997), \u201cAdaptive data broadcast in hybrid networks\u201d, Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on VLDB, September, pp. 326\u201035."},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b25","unstructured":"Sun Microsystems, Inc., \u201cJinitm architecture specification\u201d, available at: www.sun.com\/jini\/specs\/"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Triantafillou, P., Harpantidou, R. and Paterakis, M. (2002), \u201cHigh performance data broadcasting systems\u201d, Mobile Networks and Applications, July, pp. 279\u201090.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015411311496"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiser, M. (1991), \u201cThe computer for the 21st century\u201d, Scientific America, September, pp. 94\u2010104.","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0991-94"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b28","unstructured":"Wentian, Li, References on Zipf's law, available at: www.nslij\u2010genetics.org\/wli\/zipf\/"},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b29","unstructured":"Yau, S.S., Chandrasekar, D. and Huang, D. (2004), \u201cAn adaptive, lightweight and energy\u2010efficient context discovery protocol for ubiquitous computing environments\u201d, Proceedings of 10th IEEE International Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems (FTDCS'04)."},{"key":"key2022031620260770300_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yau, S.S., Karim, F., Wang, Y., Wang, B. and Gupta, S.K.S. (2002), \u201cReconfigurable context\u2010sensitive middleware for pervasive computing\u201d, IEEE Pervasive Computing, Vol. 1, July\u2010September, pp. 33\u201040.","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2002.1037720"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/17427370810890265","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17427370810890265\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17427370810890265\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:24:09Z","timestamp":1753403049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ijpcc\/article\/4\/2\/166-184\/162776"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Xioabo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,27]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/17427370810890265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/17427370810890265","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-7371"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1742-7371"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,27]]}}}