{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T18:05:35Z","timestamp":1754157935783,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,7]],"date-time":"2010-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a mobile<jats:italic>ad hoc<\/jats:italic>network (MANET), design of energy\u2010efficient routing schemes is essential for prolonging the network lifetime. The purpose of this paper is to show that one way to achieve energy efficiency in routing is to utilize location information, which becomes practical due to the recent increasing availability of low\u2010cost and reliable positioning devices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper proposes an eight\u2010direction forwarding virtual grid aided (VGA) routing scheme that uses location information to save energy. As a grid\u2010based scheme, VGA divides the whole network area into virtual grids.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>By using eight\u2010direction forwarding, the proposed VGA scheme outperforms the previous four\u2010direction forwarding geographical adaptive fidelity (GAF) protocol. The proposed VGA scheme is motivated by the fact that, in the GAF protocol, forwarding to the four diagonal neighboring grids cannot be done in one single hop, although most nodes in these grids can hear the signal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>Theoretical analysis shows the eight\u2010direction forwarding protocol performs better than the four\u2010direction one unless the forwarding direction has an angle of less than 15<jats:sup>\u25cb<\/jats:sup>with the horizontal or vertical grid axis. Simulation supports the fact that the eight\u2010direction forwarding VGA scheme has better energy performance than the four\u2010direction forwarding GAF scheme without sacrificing any routing performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/17427371011084248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,25]],"date-time":"2010-09-25T07:16:39Z","timestamp":1285398999000},"page":"272-285","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Energy\u2010efficient virtual grid aided routing for MANETs"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hezeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020420123549100_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bose, P., Morin, P., Stojmenovic, I. and Urrutia, J. 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