{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T18:04:46Z","timestamp":1754157886507,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,4]],"date-time":"2008-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to propose a four\u2010level hierarchy model for multimedia documents representation to be used during the dynamic scheduling and altering of multimedia contents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The four\u2010level hierarchy model (object, operation, timing, and precedence), offers a fine\u2010grain representation of multimedia contents and is embedded within a research tool, which is called WEBCAP. WEBCAP utilizes the four\u2010level hierarchy to synchronize the retrieval of objects in the multimedia document employing Allen's temporal relations, and then applies the Bellman\u2010Ford's algorithm on the precedence graph to schedule all operations (fetch, transmit, process, and render), while satisfying the in\u2010time updating and all web workload's resources constraints.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model in scheduling the periodical updating multimedia documents while considering a variety of workloads on web\/TCP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>WEBCAP should be enhanced to automatically measure and\/or approximate the available bandwidth of the system using sophisticated measurement of end\u2010to\u2010end connectivity. In addition, WEBCAP should be expanded and enhanced to examine system infrastructure for more real\u2010time applications, such as tele\u2010medicine and e\u2010learning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>WEBCAP can be used as an XML markup language for describing multimedia presentations. It can be used to create online presentations similar to PowerPoint on desktop environment, or used as an interactive e\u2010learning tool. An HTML browser may use a WEBCAP plug\u2010in to display a WEBCAP document embedded in an HTML\/XML page.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper proposed a dynamic scheduling of multimedia documents with frequent updates taking into consideration the network's workload to reduce the packet lost ratio in the TCP flow, especially in the early stages. WEBCAP can be used to guide distributed systems designers\/managers to schedule or tune their resources for optimal or near optimal performance, subject to minimizing the cost of document retrieval while satisfying the in time constraints.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/17440080810865639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,12]],"date-time":"2008-04-12T07:13:20Z","timestamp":1207984400000},"page":"78-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hierarchical model for web multimedia documents retrieval and periodical updates"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Sami","family":"Habib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maytham","family":"Safar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen, J. 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