{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T18:04:51Z","timestamp":1754157891134,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,29]],"date-time":"2008-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1219968000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ubiquitous web applications (UWA) are a new type of web applications which are accessed in various contexts, i.e. through different devices, by users with various interests, at anytime from anyplace around the globe. For such full\u2010fledged, complex software systems, a methodologically sound engineering approach in terms of model\u2010driven engineering (MDE) is crucial. Several modeling approaches have already been proposed that capture the ubiquitous nature of web applications, each of them having different origins, pursuing different goals and providing a pantheon of concepts. This paper aims to give an in\u2010depth comparison of seven modeling approaches supporting the development of UWAs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>This methodology is conducted by applying a detailed set of evaluation criteria and by demonstrating its applicability on basis of an exemplary tourism web application. In particular, five commonly found ubiquitous scenarios are investigated, thus providing initial insight into the modeling concepts of each approach as well as to facilitate their comparability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results gained indicate that many modeling approaches lack a proper MDE foundation in terms of meta\u2010models and tool support. The proposed modeling mechanisms for ubiquity are often limited, since they neither cover all relevant context factors in an explicit, self\u2010contained, and extensible way, nor allow for a wide spectrum of extensible adaptation operations. The provided modeling concepts frequently do not allow dealing with all different parts of a web application in terms of its content, hypertext, and presentation levels as well as their structural and behavioral features. Finally, current modeling approaches do not reflect the crosscutting nature of ubiquity but rather intermingle context and adaptation issues with the core parts of a web application, thus hampering maintainability and extensibility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>Different from other surveys in the area of modeling web applications, this paper specifically considers modeling concepts for their ubiquitous nature, together with an investigation of available support for MDD in a comprehensive way, using a well\u2010defined as well as fine\u2010grained catalogue of more than 30 evaluation criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/17440080810901089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,13]],"date-time":"2008-09-13T07:03:49Z","timestamp":1221289429000},"page":"234-305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["A survey on web modeling approaches for ubiquitous web applications"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Wieland","family":"Schwinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Retschitzegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Schauerhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerti","family":"Kappel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Wimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Pr\u00f6ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Cachero Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Casteleyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"De Troyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Fraternali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Garrigos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franca","family":"Garzotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athula","family":"Ginige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geert\u2010Jan","family":"Houben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Paolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Pelechano Ferragud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Schwabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Tisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Vallecillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kees","family":"van der Sluijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gefei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abrahao, S.M., Fons, J., Gonzalez, M. and Pastor, O. (2002), \u201cConceptual modeling of personalized web applications\u201d, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web\u2010Based Systems (AH 2002), Malaga, Spain, LNCS 2347, pp. 358\u201062.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-47952-X_37"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b2","unstructured":"Barna, P., Frasincar, F. and Houben, G\u2010J. (2002), \u201cSpecification framework for engineering adaptive web applications\u201d, Proceedings of the 11th International World Wide web Conference, web Engineering Track (WWW 2002), Honolulu, Hawaii, USA."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barna, P., Frasincar, F. and Houben, G\u2010J. (2006), \u201cA workflow\u2010driven design of web information systems\u201d, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on web Engineering (ICWE 2006), Palo Alto, CA, USA, ACM, pp. 321\u20108.","DOI":"10.1145\/1145581.1145644"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barna, P., Frasincar, F., Houben, G\u2010J. and Vdovjak, R. (2003), \u201cMethodologies for web information system design\u201d, Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology: Computers and Communications (ITCC 2003), Las Vegas, NV, USA, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 420\u20104.","DOI":"10.1109\/ITCC.2003.1197566"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumeister, H., Koch, N. and Mandel, L. (1999), \u201cTowards a UML extension for hypermedia design\u201d, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language (UML 1999), Fort Collins, CO, USA, LNCS 1723, pp. 614\u201029.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-46852-8_43"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumeister, H., Knapp, A., Koch, N. and Zhang, G. (2005), \u201cModelling adaptivity with aspects\u201d, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on web Engineering (ICWE 2005), Sydney, Australia, LNCS 3579, pp. 406\u201016.","DOI":"10.1007\/11531371_53"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozzon, A., Comai, S., Fraternali, P. and Carughi, G.T. (2006), \u201cConceptual modeling and code generation for rich internet applications\u201d, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on web Engineering (ICWE 2006), Palo Alto, CA, USA, ACM, pp. 353\u201060.","DOI":"10.1145\/1145581.1145649"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brambilla, M., Cabot, J. and Moreno, N. (2007), \u201cTool support for model checking of web application designs\u201d, book chapter in web Engineering, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4607\/2007, pp. 533\u20108.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-73597-7_50"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brambilla, M., Ceri, S., Fraternali, P. and Manolescu, I. (2006b), \u201cProcess modeling in web applications\u201d, ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol., Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 360\u2010409.","DOI":"10.1145\/1178625.1178627"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brambilla, M., Celino, I., Ceri, S., Cerizza, D., Valle, E.D. and Facca, F.M. (2006a), \u201cA software engineering approach to design and development of semantic web service applications\u201d, Proceedings of the 5th International Semantic web Conference (ISWC 2006), Athens, GA, USA, LNCS 4273, pp. 172\u201086.","DOI":"10.1007\/11926078_13"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cachero, C., Gomez, J. and Pastor, O. (2000), \u201cObject\u2010oriented conceptual modeling of web application interfaces: the OO\u2010H method abstract presentation model\u201d, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Electronic Commerce and web Technologies (EC\u2010web 2000), London, UK, LNCS 1875, pp. 206\u201015.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44463-7_18"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b12","unstructured":"Cachero, C., Gomez, J. and Parraga, A. (2001), \u201cMigration of legacy systems to the web\u201d, paper presented at VI Jornadas de Ingenier'\u0131a del Software y Bases de Datos (JISBD 2001), Almagro (Ciudad Real), pp. 601\u201014."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b13","unstructured":"Cachero, C., Gomez, J., Parraga, A. and Pastor, O. (2001), \u201cConference review system: a case of study\u201d, paper presented at 1st International Workshop on Web\u2010Oriented Software Technology (IWWOST 2001), Valencia."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b15","unstructured":"Casteleyn, S. (2005), \u201cDesigner specified self re\u2010organizing websites\u201d, PhD dissertation, Vrije Universiteit, Brussel."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casteleyn, S., De Troyer, O. and Brockmans, S. (2003), \u201cDesign time support for adaptive behavior in web sites\u201d, Proceedings of the 18th Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC 2003), Melbourne, FL, USA, pp. 1222\u20108.","DOI":"10.1145\/952532.952769"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casteleyn, S., Garrigos, I. and De Troyer, O. (2005), \u201cAutomatic runtime validation and correction of the navigational design of web sites\u201d, paper presented at 7th Asia\u2010Pacific web Conference on web Technologies Research and Development (APweb 2005), Shanghai, pp. 453\u201063, LNCS 3399.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-31849-1_44"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casteleyn, S., Plessers, P. and De Troyer, O. (2006), \u201cOn generating content and structural annotated websites using conceptual modeling\u201d, Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2006), Tucson, AZ, USA, LNCS 4215, pp. 267\u201080.","DOI":"10.1007\/11901181_21"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casteleyn, S., Woensel, W.V. and Houben, G\u2010J. (2007), \u201cA semantics\u2010based aspect\u2010oriented approach to adaptation in web engineering\u201d, Proceedings of the 18th Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia (HT 2007), Manchester, UK, pp. 189\u201098.","DOI":"10.1145\/1286240.1286297"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b22","unstructured":"Ceri, S., Daniel, F. and Matera, M. (2003a), \u201cExtending WebML for modeling multi\u2010channel context\u2010aware web applications\u201d, Proceedings of the Workshop on Mobile Multi\u2010channel Information Systems, in Conjuntion with WISE 2003, Rome, Italy, pp. 615\u201026."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceri, S., Daniel, F. and Facca, F.M. (2006), \u201cModeling web applications reacting to user behaviors\u201d, Computer Networks, Vol. 50 No. 10, pp. 1533\u201046.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2005.10.013"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceri, S., Daniel, F., Facca, F.M. and Matera, M. (2007a), \u201cModel\u2010driven engineering of active context\u2010awareness\u201d, World Wide Web, Vol. 10 No. 4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11280-006-0014-5"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceri, S., Daniel, F., Matera, M. and Facca, F.M. (2007b), \u201cModel\u2010driven development of context\u2010aware web applications\u201d, ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, Vol. 7 No. 1.","DOI":"10.1145\/1189740.1189742"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b24","unstructured":"Ceri, S., Fraternali, P., Bongio, A., Brambilla, M., Comai, S. and Matera, M. (2003b), Designing Data\u2010intensive web Applications, 1st ed., Morgan Kaufmann, San Fransisco, CA."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, P.P. (1976), \u201cThe entity\u2010relationship model \u2013 toward a unified view of data\u201d, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 9\u201036.","DOI":"10.1145\/320434.320440"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cowan, D.D. and de Lucena, C.J.P. (1995), \u201cAbstract data views: an interface specification concept to enhance design for reuse\u201d, IEEE Trans. Software Eng., Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 229\u201043.","DOI":"10.1109\/32.372150"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Troyer, O. and Casteleyn, S. (2004), \u201cDesigning localized web sites\u201d, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on web Information Systems Engineering (WISE 2004), Brisbane, Australia, LNCS 3306, pp. 547\u201058.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30480-7_57"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Troyer, O. and Leune, C.J. (1998), \u201cWSDM: a user centered design method for web sites\u201d, Computer Networks, Vol. 30 Nos 1\/7, pp. 85\u201094.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7552(98)00042-7"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Troyer, O., Casteleyn, S. and Plessers, P. (2005), \u201cUsing ORM to model web systems\u201d, paper presented On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2005: OTM 2005 Workshops, International Workshop on Object\u2010Role Modeling (ORM'05), LNCS 3762.","DOI":"10.1007\/11575863_89"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Troyer, O., Casteleyn, S. and Plessers, P. (2007), \u201cWSDM: web semantics design method\u201d, in Rossi, Gustavo, Pastor, Oscar, Schwabe, Daniel and Olsina, Louis (Eds), web Engineering: Modeling and Implementing web Applications, Human\u2010Computer Interaction Series, Springer, Berlin.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84628-923-1_11"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b31","unstructured":"Escalona, M.J. and Koch, N. (2004), \u201cRequirements engineering for web applications \u2013 a comparative study\u201d, Journal of web Engineering, Vol. 2 No. 3, pp. 193\u2010212."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiala, Z., Hinz, M., Houben, G\u2010J. and Frasincar, F. (2004a), \u201cDesign and implementation of component\u2010based adaptive web presentations\u201d, Proceedings of the Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC 2004), Nicosia, Cyprus, pp. 1698\u2010704.","DOI":"10.1145\/967900.968237"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiala, Z., Frasincar, F., Hinz, M., Houben, G\u2010J., Barna, P. and Mei\u00dfner, K. (2004b), \u201cEngineering the presentation layer of adaptable web information systems\u201d, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on web Engineering (ICWE 2004), Munich, Germany, LNCS 3140, Vol. 3140, pp. 459\u201072.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-27834-4_56"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fons, J., Pelechano, V., Albert, M. and Pastor, O. (2003), \u201cDevelopment of web applications from web enhanced conceptual schemas\u201d, Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2003), Chicago, IL, USA, LNCS 2813, pp. 232\u201045.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39648-2_20"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frasincar, F. and Houben, G\u2010J. (2002), \u201cHypermedia presentation adaptation on the semantic web\u201d, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web\u2010Based Systems (AH 2002), Malaga, Spain, LNCS 2347, pp. 133\u201042.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-47952-X_15"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b37","unstructured":"Frasincar, F., Houben, G\u2010J. and Barna, P. (2006), \u201cHPG: the Hera presentation generator\u201d, Journal of web Engineering, Vol. 5 No. 2, pp. 175\u2010200."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frasincar, F., Houben, G\u2010J. and Vdovjak, R. (2001), \u201cAn RMM\u2010based methodology for hypermedia presentation design\u201d, Proceedings of the 5th East European Conference on Advances in Databases and Information Systems (ADBIS 2001), Vilnius, Lithuania, LNCS 2151, pp. 323\u201037.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44803-9_25"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frasincar, F., Barna, P., Houben, G\u2010J. and Fiala, Z. (2004), \u201cAdaptation and reuse in designing web information systems\u201d, Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC 2004), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 287\u201091.","DOI":"10.1109\/ITCC.2004.1286485"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b41","unstructured":"Garrigos, I. and Gomez, J. (2006), \u201cModeling user behaviour aware websites with PRML\u201d, paper presented at 3rd Workshop on web Information Systems Modelling (WISM 2006), in conjunction with ICWE 2006, Palo Alto, CA."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garrigos, I., Casteleyn, S. and Gomez, J. (2005a), \u201cA structured approach to personalize websites using the OO\u2010H personalization framework\u201d, Proceedings of the 7th Asia\u2010Pacific web Conference on web Technologies Research and Development (APweb 2005), Shanghai, China, LNCS 3399, pp. 695\u2010706.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-31849-1_67"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b40","unstructured":"Garrigos, I., Cruz, C. and Gomez, J. (2007), \u201cA prototype tool for the automatic generation of adaptive websites\u201d, Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Adaptation and Evolution in web Systems Engineering (AEWSE 2007), in conjunction with ICWE 2007, Como, Italy. CEUR Workshop Proceedings."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b43","unstructured":"Garrigos, I., Gomez, J. and Cachero, C. (2003a), \u201cModelling adaptive web applications\u201d, Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference WWW\/Internet, Algarve, Portugal, pp. 813\u20106."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garrigos, I., Gomez, J. and Cachero, C. (2003b), \u201cModelling dynamic personalization in web applications\u201d, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on web Engineering (ICWE 2003), Oviedo, Spain, LNCS 2722, pp. 472\u20105.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45068-8_89"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b42","unstructured":"Garrigos, I., Gomez, J., Barna, P. and Houben, G\u2010J. (2005b), \u201cA reusable personalization model in web application design\u201d, paper presented at 2nd Workshop on web Information Systems Modelling (WISM 2005), in conjunction with ICWE 2005, Sydney."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomez, J., Bia, A. and Parraga, A. (2005), \u201cTool support for model\u2010driven development of web applications\u201d, paper presented at 6th International Conference on web Information Systems Engineering (WISE 2005), New York, NY, USA, pp. 721\u201030, LNCS 3806.","DOI":"10.1007\/11581062_79"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b46","unstructured":"Gomez, J., Cachero, C. and Pastor, O. (2000), \u201cExtending a conceptual modelling approach to web application design\u201d, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAISE 2000), Stockholm, Sweden, LNCS 1789, pp. 79\u201093."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomez, J., Cachero, C. and Pastor, O. (2001), \u201cConceptual modeling of device\u2010independent web applications\u201d, IEEE MultiMedia, Vol. 8 No. 2, pp. 26\u201039.","DOI":"10.1109\/93.917969"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b48","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcn, Ch., Schwinger, W., Pr\u00f6ll, B., Retschitzegger, W. and Werthner, H. (2006), \u201cPinpointing tourism information onto mobile maps \u2013 a light\u2010weight approach\u201d, Proceedings of ENTER 2006, 18\u201020 January 2006, Lausanne, Switzerland."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halpin, T. (2001), Information Modeling and Relational Databases, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-155860672-2\/50014-2"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b50","unstructured":"Hester, A., Borges, R. and Ierusalimschy, R. (1998), \u201cBuilding flexible and extensible web applications with Lua\u201d, Journal of Universal Computer Science, Vol. 4 No. 9, pp. 748\u201062."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Houben, G\u2010J., Frasincar, F., Barna, P. and Vdovjak, R. (2004), \u201cModeling user input and hypermedia dynamics in Hera\u201d, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on web Engineering, Munich, Germany, LNCS 3140, Springer, pp. 60\u201073.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-27834-4_9"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isakowitz, T., Stohr, E.A. and Balasubramanian, P. (1995), \u201cRMM: a methodology for structured hypermedia design\u201d, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 38 No. 8, pp. 34\u201044.","DOI":"10.1145\/208344.208346"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b53","unstructured":"Jacyntho, M.D., Schwabe, D. and Rossi, G. (2002), \u201cA software architecture for structuring complex web applications\u201d, J. web Eng., Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 37\u201060."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b56","unstructured":"Kappel, G., Pr\u00f6ll, B., Retschitzegger, W., Schwinger, W. and Hofer, T. (2001), \u201cModeling ubiquitous web applications \u2010 a comparison of approaches\u201d, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Information Integration and Web\u2010based Applications & Services (IIWAS 2001), Linz, Austria."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b54","unstructured":"Kappel, G., Pr\u00f6ll, B., Reich, S. and Retschitzegger, W. (2006), \u201cAn introduction to web engineering\u201d, in Kappel, G., Pr\u00f6ll, B., Reich, S. and Retschitzegger, W. (Eds), web Engineering \u2010 Systematic Development of web Applications, Wiley, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kappel, G., Pr\u00f6ll, B., Retschitzegger, W. and Schwinger, W. (2003), \u201cCustomisation for ubiquitous web applications a comparison of approaches\u201d, International Journal of web Engineering and Technology, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 79\u2010111.","DOI":"10.1504\/IJWET.2003.003322"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b57","unstructured":"Koch, N. (1999), \u201cA comparative study of methods for hypermedia development\u201d, Tech. Rep. 9905, Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University, Munich."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b58","unstructured":"Koch, N. (2001), \u201cSoftware engineering for adaptive hypermedia systems: reference model, modeling techniques and development process\u201d, PhD thesis, Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University, Munich."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koch, N. (2007), \u201cClassification of model transformation techniques used in uml\u2010based web engineering\u201d, IET Software, Vol. 1 No. 3, pp. 98\u2010111.","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-sen:20060063"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b60","unstructured":"Koch, N. and Kraus, A. (2002), \u201cThe expressive power of uml\u2010based web engineering\u201d, Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Web\u2010oriented Software Technology (IWWOST 2002), in conjunction with ECOOP 2002, Malaga, Spain, pp. 21\u201032."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koch, N. and Kraus, A. (2003), \u201cTowards a common metamodell for the development of web applications\u201d, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on web Engineering (ICWE 2003), Oviedo, Spain, LNCS 2722, pp. 497\u2010506.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45068-8_92"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koch, N. and Wirsing, M. (2002), \u201cThe munich reference model for adaptive hypermedia applications\u201d, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web\u2010Based Systems (AH 2002), Malaga, LNCS 2347, pp. 213\u201022.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-47952-X_23"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b62","unstructured":"Koch, N., Kraus, A., Cachero, C. and Melia, S. (2004), \u201cIntegration of business processes in web application models\u201d, Journal of web Engineering, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 22\u201049."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koch, N., Zhang, G. and Escalona, M.J.E. (2006), \u201cModel transformations from requirements to web system design\u201d, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on web Engineering (ICWE 2006), Palo Alto, CA, USA, ACM, pp. 281\u20108.","DOI":"10.1145\/1145581.1145637"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b65","unstructured":"Kraus, A., Knapp, A. and Koch, N. (2007), \u201cModel\u2010driven generation of web applications in UWE\u201d, Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Model\u2010Driven web Engineering (MDWE 2007), CEUR\u2010WS, Vol. 261."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b66","unstructured":"Kruchten, P. (2000), The Rational Unified Process: An Introduction, Addison\u2010Wesley, Reading, MA."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lang, M. and Fitzgerald, B. (2005), \u201cHypermedia systems development practices: a survey\u201d, IEEE Software, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 68\u201075.","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2005.40"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manolescu, I., Brambilla, M., Ceri, S., Comai, S. and Fraternali, P. (2005), \u201cModel\u2010driven design and deployment of service\u2010enabled web applications\u201d, ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, Vol. 5 No. 3, pp. 439\u201079.","DOI":"10.1145\/1084772.1084773"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreno, N., Fraternalli, P. and Vallecillo, A. (2007a), \u201cWebML modelling in UML\u201d, IET Software, Vol. 1 No. 3, pp. 67\u201080.","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-sen:20060067"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreno, N., Romero, J.R. and Vallecillo, A. (2007b), \u201cAn overview of model\u2010driven development and the MDA\u201d, in Rossi, G., Pastor, O., Schwabe, D. and Olsina, L. (Eds), web Engineering: Modelling and Implementing web Applications, Chapter 12, Springer, Berlin, pp. 353\u201082.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84628-923-1_12"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunes, D.A. and Schwabe, D. (2006), \u201cRapid prototyping of web applications combining domain specific languages and model driven design\u201d, Proceedings of the International Conference on web Eningeering (ICWE 2006), Trento, Italy, pp. 153\u201060.","DOI":"10.1145\/1145581.1145616"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b73","unstructured":"OMG, O. (2002), Meta Object Facility (MOF) Specification 1.4, available at: www.omg.org\/docs\/formal\/02\u201004\u201003.pdf."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b74","unstructured":"OMG, O. (2005), Meta Object Facility (MOF) 2.0 Query\/View\/Transformation Specification. Final Adopted Specification. ptc\/05\u201011\u201001."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b75","unstructured":"OMG, O.M.G. (2003), MDA Guide Version 1.0.1, available at: www.omg.org\/docs\/omg\/03\u201006\u201001.pdf."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b76","unstructured":"Pastor, O. and Ramos, I. (1995), OASIS version 2 (2.2): A Class\u2010Definition Language to Model Information Systems, 3rd ed., Publications Services of the Valencia University of Technology, Valencia."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b77","unstructured":"Pastor, O., Abrahao, S. and Fons, J. (2000), \u201cOOWS: an object\u2010oriented approach for web\u2010 solutions modeling\u201d, Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Society (ICIS 2000), Ljubljana, Slovenia."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pastor, O., Fons, J., Pelechano, V. and Abrahao, S. (2006), \u201cConceptual modelling of web applications: the OOWS approach\u201d, in Mendes, E. and Mosley, N. (Eds), web Engineering: Theory and Practice of Metrics and Measurement for web Development, Springer, Berlin, pp. 277\u2010302.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-28218-1_9"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pastor, O., Insfran, E., Pelechano, V., Romero, J. and Merseguer, J. (1997), \u201cOO\u2010method: an OO software production environment combining conventional and formal methods\u201d, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAISE 1997), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, LNCS 1250, pp. 145\u201058.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-63107-0_11"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paterno, F. (2000), \u201cModel\u2010Based Design of Interactive Applications\u201d, ACM Intelligence, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 26\u201038.","DOI":"10.1145\/355137.358311"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b81","unstructured":"Plessers, P., Casteleyn, S. and De Troyer, O. (2005a), \u201cSemantic web development with WSDM\u201d, Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Knowledge Markup and Semantic Annotation (SemAnnot2005), in conjunction with ISWC 2005, November 6\u201010, Galway, Irland. CEUR Workshop Proceedings."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plessers, P., Casteleyn, S., Yesilada, Y., De Troyer, O., Stevens, R., Harper, S. and Goble, C. (2005b), \u201cAccessibility: a web engineering approach\u201d, Proceedings of the 14th International World Wide web Conference (WWW2005), Eds. Allan Ellis, Tatsuya Hagino, Publ. ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/1060745.1060799"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b83","unstructured":"Preciado, J.C., Trigueros, M.L., Sanchez, F. and Comai, S. (2005), \u201cNecessity of methodologies to model rich internet applications\u201d, Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Workshop on web Site Evolution, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 7\u201013."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quintero, R., Torres, V. and Pelechano, V. (2006), \u201cModel centric approach of web services composition\u201d, Proceedings of the Workshop on Emerging web Service Technology (WEWST 2006) at the 4th IEEE European Conference on web Services (ECOWS 2006). Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 65\u201082.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7643-8448-7_6"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b84","unstructured":"Retschitzegger, W. and Schwinger, W. (2000), \u201cTowards modeling of data web applications a requirements' perspective\u201d, Proceedings of Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS 2000), Long Beach, USA."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rojas, G. and Pelechano, V. (2005), \u201cA methodological approach for incorporating adaptive navigation techniques into web applications\u201d, paper presented at VI International Conference on web Information Systems Engineering \u2013 WISE 2005. New York, NY, USA, November 20\u201022.","DOI":"10.1007\/11581062_16"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rojas, G., Valderas, P. and Pelechano, V. (2006), \u201cDescribing adaptive navigation requirements of web applications\u201d, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web\u2010Based Systems (AH 2006), Dublin, Ireland, LNCS 4018, pp. 318\u201022.","DOI":"10.1007\/11768012_41"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b87","unstructured":"Rossi, G. and Schwabe, D. (2006), \u201cModel\u2010based web application development\u201d, in Mendes, E. and Mosley, N. (Eds), web Engineering: Theory and Practice of Metrics and Measurement for web Development, Springer, Berlin, pp. 203\u2010333."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossi, G., Schwabe, D. and Guimaraes, R. (2001), \u201cDesigning personalized web applications\u201d, Proceedings of the 10th International World Wide web Conference (WWW 2001), Hong Kong, China, pp. 275\u201084.","DOI":"10.1145\/371920.372069"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossi, G., Pastor, O., Schwabe, D. and Olsina, L. (Eds) (2007), web Engineering: Modelling and Implementing web Applications, Human\u2010Computer Interaction Series, Springer, Berlin.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84628-923-1"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossi, G., Schwabe, D., de Lucena, C.J.P. and Cowan, D.D. (1995), \u201cAn object\u2010oriented model for designing the human\u2010computer interface of hypermedia applications\u201d, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Hypermedia Design (IWHD 1995), Montpellier, France, pp. 123\u201043.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-3082-6_14"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b91","unstructured":"Schauerhuber, A., Schwinger, W., Wimmer, M., Retschitzegger, W. and Kappel, G. (2007a), \u201cA survey on web modeling approaches for ubiquitous web applications\u201d, Tech. rep., Vienna University of Technology, October."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b95","unstructured":"Schwabe, D. and Rossi, G. (1994), \u201cFrom domain models to hypermedia applications: an object\u2010oriented approach\u201d, paper presented at International Workshop on Methodologies for Designing and Developing Hypermedia Applications, Edinburgh."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwabe, D. and Rossi, G. (1998), \u201cAn object oriented approach to web\u2010based applications design\u201d, Theory and Practice of Object Systems, Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 207\u201025.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9942(1998)4:4<207::AID-TAPO2>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwabe, D. and Salim, C.S. (2002), \u201cIntegrating knowledge management applications in the enterprise the xerox knowledge portal project\u201d, Knowledge and Process Management, Vol. 9 No. 3, pp. 190\u2010201.","DOI":"10.1002\/kpm.150"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schauerhuber, A., Wimmer, M., Kapsammer, E., Schwinger, W. and Retschitzegger, W. (2007b), \u201cBriding WebML to model\u2010driven engineering: from document type definitions to meta object facility\u201d, IET Software, Vol. 1 No. 3, pp. 81\u201097.","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-sen:20060066"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwabe, D., de Almeida Pontes, R. and Moura, I. (1999), \u201cOOHDM\u2010web: an environment for implementation of hypermedia applications in the WWW\u201d, ACM SIGWEB Newsletter, Vol. 8 No. 2, pp. 18\u201034.","DOI":"10.1145\/951425.951428"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwabe, D., Guimaraes, R. and Rossi, G. (2002), \u201cCohesive design of personalized web applications\u201d, IEEE Internet Computing, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 34\u201043.","DOI":"10.1109\/4236.991441"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwabe, D., Rossi, G. and Barbosa, S.D.J. (1996), \u201cSystematic hypermedia application design with OOHDM\u201d, Proceedings of the 7th Conference on Hypertext (HT 1996), Washington DC, pp. 116\u201028.","DOI":"10.1145\/234828.234840"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b99","unstructured":"Schwabe, D., Szundy, G., Silva de Moura, S. and Lima, F. (2004), \u201cDesign and implementation of semantic web applications\u201d, Proceedings of the WWW Workshop on Application Design, Development and Implementation Issues in the Semantic Web."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b101","unstructured":"Schwinger, W. and Koch, N. (2006), \u201cModeling web applications\u201d, in Kappel, G., Pr\u00f6ll, B., Reich, S. and Retschitzegger, W. (Eds), web Engineering \u2013 Systematic Development of web Applications, Wiley, New York, NY, pp. 39\u201064."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b105","unstructured":"Torres, V., Giner, P. and Pelechano, V. (2007), \u201cModeling ubiquitous business process driven applications\u201d, in Eder, J., Tomassen, S.L., Opdahl, A.L. and Sindre, G. (Eds), Forum Proceedings."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torres, V. and Pelechano, V. (2006), \u201cBuilding business process driven web applications\u201d, in Dust\u2010dar, S., Fiadeiro, J.L. and Sheth, A. (Eds), Business Process Management, 4th International Conference, BPM 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4102, Springer, Berlin\/Heidelberg, pp. 322\u201037.","DOI":"10.1007\/11841760_22"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torres, V., Fons, J., Pelechano, V. and Pastor, O. (2004), \u201cNavigational modeling and the semantic Web. an ontology based approach\u201d, Proceedings of the Joint Conference 10th Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the web & 2nd Latin American web Congress, (WebMedia & LA\u2010web 2004), Ribeirao Preto\u2010SP, Brazil, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 94\u20106.","DOI":"10.1109\/WEBMED.2004.1348153"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b103","unstructured":"Torres, V., Pelechano, V., Ruiz, M. and Valderas, P. (2005), \u201cA model driven approach for the integration of external functionality in web applications. The travel agency system\u201d, Proceedings of 1st Workshop on Model\u2010Driven web Engineering, in conjunction with ICWE 2005), Sydney, Australia, pp. 1\u201011."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Sluijs, K., Houben, G\u2010J., Broekstra, J. and Casteleyn, S. (2006), \u201cHera\u2010S \u2013 web design using sesame\u201d, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on web Engineering (ICWE 2006), Palo Alto, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/1145581.1145646"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b106","unstructured":"Valderas, P., Fons, J. and Pelechano, V. (2005), \u201cUsing task descriptions for the specification of web application requirements\u201d, paper presented at Anais do WER05 \u2010 Workshop em Engenharia de Requisitos, Porto, Portuga, pp. 257\u201068."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b107","unstructured":"Valverde, F., Valderas, P., Fons, J. and Pastor, O. (2007), \u201cA MDA\u2010based environment for web applications development: from conceptual models to code\u201d, paper presented at International Workshop on Web\u2010oriented Software Technology (IWWOST 2007), in conjunction with ICWE 2007, Como."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vdovjak, R. and Houben, G\u2010J. (2002), \u201cProviding the semantic layer for WIS design\u201d, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAISE 2002), Toronto, Canada, LNCS 2348, pp. 584\u201099.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-47961-9_40"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vilain, P., Schwabe, D. and de Souza, C.S. (2000), \u201cA diagrammatic tool for representing user interaction in UML\u201d, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language (UML 2000), York, UK, LNCS 1939, pp. 133\u201047.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-40011-7_10"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b111","unstructured":"W3C (2004a), Composite Capability\/Preference Profiles (CC\/PP): Structure and Vocabularies 1.0, available at: www.w3.org\/TR\/CCPP\u2010struct\u2010vocab\/."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b112","unstructured":"W3C (2004b), RDF Primer. (XML) 1.1, 2nd ed., available at: www.w3.org\/TR\/rdfprimer\/."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b113","unstructured":"W3C (2004c), OWL web Ontology Language Overview, available at: www.w3.org\/TR\/owl\u2010features\/."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b114","unstructured":"Woukeu, A., Carr, L., Wills, G. and Hall, W. (2003), \u201cRethinking web design models: requirements for addressing the content\u201d, Tech. Rep. ECSTR\u2010IAM03\u2010002, University of Southampton, Southampton."},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_b115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, G. (2005), \u201cTowards aspect\u2010oriented class diagrams\u201d, Proceedings 12th Asia\u2010Pacific Software Engineering Conf. (APSEC'05), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 763\u20108.","DOI":"10.1109\/APSEC.2005.106"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_frd1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barry, C. and Lang, M. (2003), \u201cA comparison of \u2018traditional\u2019 and multimedia information systems development practices\u201d, Information & Software Technology, Vol. 45 No. 4, pp. 217\u201027.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-5849(02)00207-0"},{"key":"key2022012620063279500_frd2","unstructured":"Schwinger, W. (2001), \u201cModelling ubiquitous web applications \u2212 requirements and concepts\u201d, PhD thesis, Department of Information Systems, JKU, November 2001."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Web Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/17440080810901089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17440080810901089\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17440080810901089\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:24:56Z","timestamp":1753403096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ijwis\/article\/4\/3\/234-305\/166049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,29]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/17440080810901089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/17440080810901089","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-0084"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1744-0084"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,29]]}}}