{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T18:04:58Z","timestamp":1754157898129,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,19]],"date-time":"2009-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1245369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to describe the required functionalities on providing internet connectivity and mobility management for mobile<jats:italic>ad hoc<\/jats:italic>networks (MANETs), present discovered problems such as inconsistent contexts, and provide the corresponding solutions. It also provides a hybrid metric for the load\u2010balance of intra\/inter\u2010MANET traffic over multiple internet gateways (IGWs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper uses both mathematical analyses and simulations to discover the required functionalities and problems on providing internet connectivity and mobility management for MANETs. The proposed hybrid metric for IGW selection is a replacement of the shortest hop\u2010count (HC) metric, and consider three factors: HC distance, intra\u2010MANET traffic, and inter\u2010MANET traffic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Simulation results show that<jats:italic>ad hoc<\/jats:italic>routing protocols, using the proposed metric, get better performance in terms of packet delivery ratio and transmission delay, at the cost of slightly increased signalling overhead.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the assessment, simulation results are taken from two mobility scenarios, and the hybrid metric is integrated into only reactive<jats:italic>ad hoc<\/jats:italic>routing. Thus, more case studies need to be carried out to demonstrate the outcomes of the proposed metric compared with others.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper provides the needed functionalities for broadening the richness of MANET applications to internet users, and vice verse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper contributes to the research on internetworking and mobility management between MANETs and the internet.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/17440080910968472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,6]],"date-time":"2009-06-06T07:08:37Z","timestamp":1244272117000},"page":"239-263","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Providing internet connectivity and mobility management for MANETs"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Quan","family":"Le\u2010Trung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paal E.","family":"Engelstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vinh","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tor","family":"Skeie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amirhosein","family":"Taherkordi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Eliassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020219581853000_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abduljalil, F.M. and Bodhe, S.K. 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