{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T17:13:59Z","timestamp":1780852439039,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,28]],"date-time":"2009-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to provide a feature\u2010based characterization of version control systems (VCSs), providing an overview about the state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art of versioning systems dedicated to modeling artifacts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on a literature study of existing approaches, a description of the features of versioning systems is established. Special focus is set on three\u2010way merging which is an integral component of optimistic versioning. This characterization is employed on current model versioning systems, which allows the derivation of challenges in this research area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of the evaluation show that several challenges need to be addressed in future developments of VCSs and merging tools in order to allow the parallel development of model artifacts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Making model\u2010driven engineering (MDE) a success requires supporting the parallel development of model artifacts as is done nowadays for text\u2010based artifacts. Therefore, model versioning capabilities are a must for leveraging MDE in practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper gives a comprehensive overview of collaboration features of VCSs for software engineering artifacts in general, discusses the state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art of systems for model artifacts, and finally, lists urgent challenges, which have to be considered in future model versioning system for realizing MDE in practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/17440080910983556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,5]],"date-time":"2009-10-05T10:54:55Z","timestamp":1254740095000},"page":"271-304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["A survey on model versioning approaches"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Altmanninger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Seidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Wimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alanen, M. and Porres, I. (2003), \u201cDifference and union of models\u201d, in Goos, G., Hartmanis, J. and van Leeuwen, J. (Eds), UML 2003 \u2013 The Unified Modeling Language, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2863, Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 2\u201017.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45221-8_2"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alanen, M. and Porres, I. (2005), \u201cVersion control of software models\u201d, in Yang, H. (Ed.), Advances in UML and XML\u2010Based Software Evolution, Idea Group Publishing, Hershey, PA, pp. 47\u201070.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59140-621-1.ch003"},{"key":"#cr-split#-key2022021920104047800_b3.1","unstructured":"Altmanninger, K. (2008), \"Models in conflict - towards a semantically enhanced version control system for models\", in Giese, H. (Ed.), Models in Software Engineering"},{"key":"#cr-split#-key2022021920104047800_b3.2","unstructured":"Workshops and Symposia at MoDELS 2007, Nashville, TN, USA, September 30\u2010October 5, 2007, Reports and Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 5002, Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 293\u2010304."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b6","unstructured":"Altmanninger, K. and Kotsis, G. (2009), \u201cTowards accurate conflict detection in a VCS for model artifacts: a comparison of two semantically enhanced approaches\u201d, in Kirchberg, M. and Link, S. (Eds), Proceedings of the 6th Asia\u2010Pacific Conference on Conceptual Modeling (APCCM), Vol. 96, Australian Computer Society, Wellington."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b4","unstructured":"Altmanninger, K., Bergmayr, A., Schwinger, W. and Kotsis, G. (2007), \u201cSemantically enhanced conflict detection between model versions in SMoVer by example\u201d, paper presented at the International Workshop on Semantic\u2010Based Software Development (SBSD) in Conjunction with the ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Object\u2010Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages and Applications (OOPSLA), Montr\u00e9al, Canada, available at: www.smover.tk.uni\u2010linz.ac.at\/source\/SBSD07_Altmanninger.pdf (accessed May 20, 2009)."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b5","unstructured":"Altmanninger, K., Kappel, G., Kusel, A., Retschitzegger, W., Schwinger, W., Seidl, M. and Wimmer, M. (2008), \u201cAMOR \u2013 towards adaptable model versioning\u201d, paper presented at the 1st International Workshop on Model Co\u2010Evolution and Consistency Management (MCCM) in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS), available at: www.info.fundp.ac.be\/mccm\/2008\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2008\/10\/kerstinaltmanninger.pdf (accessed May 20, 2009)."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b7","unstructured":"Asklund, U. (1994), \u201cIdentifying conflicts during structural merge\u201d, Proceedings of the Nordic Workshop on Programming Environment Research, Lund, Sweden, pp. 231\u201042."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asklund, U., Bendix, L., Christensen, H.B. and Magnusson, B. (1999), \u201cThe unified extensional versioning model\u201d, Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on System Configuration Management (SCM), Toulouse, France, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1675, Springler, London, pp. 100\u201022.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48253-9_8"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barone, I., Lucia, A.D., Fasano, F., Rullo, E., Scanniello, G. and Tortora, G. (2008), \u201cCOMOVER: concurrent model versioning\u201d, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, September 28\u2010October 4, 2008, Beijing, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 462\u20103.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.2008.4658105"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b10","unstructured":"Barrett, S., Chalin, P. and Butler, G. (2008), \u201cModel merging falls short of software engineering needs\u201d, paper presented at the Workshop on Model\u2010Driven Software Evolution (MoDSE) in Conjunction with the 12th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR), April 1\u20104, Athens, available at: www.lina.sciences.univ\u2010nantes.fr\/conf\/MoDSE2008\/myreview\/FILES\/CR2\/p9.pdf (accessed May 24, 2009)."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartelt, C. (2008), \u201cConsistence preserving model merge in collaborative development processes\u201d, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Comparison and Versioning of Software Models (CVSM), Leipzig, Germany, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 13\u201018.","DOI":"10.1145\/1370152.1370157"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bendix, L., Larsen, P.N., Nielsen, A.I. and Petersen, J.L.S. (1998), \u201cCoEd \u2013 a tool for versioning of hierarchical documents\u201d, Proceedings of the SCM\u20108 Symposium on System Configuration Management, July 20\u201021, Brussels, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1439, Springler\u2010Verlag, London, pp. 174\u201087.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0053888"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b13","unstructured":"Berliner, B. (1990), \u201cCVS II: Parallelizing software development\u201d, Proceedings of the Winter USENIX Conference, January 22\u201026, Washington, DC, USENIX Association, Washington, DC, pp. 341\u201052."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanc, X., Mounier, I., Mougenot, A. and Mens, T. (2008), \u201cDetecting model inconsistency through operation\u2010based model construction\u201d, Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Leipzig, Germany, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 511\u201020.","DOI":"10.1145\/1368088.1368158"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brosch, P. (2009), \u201cImproving conflict resolution in model versioning systems\u201d, Proceedings of the Doctoral Symposium at the 31st International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Companion Volume, IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 355\u20108.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE-COMPANION.2009.5071020"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brosch, P., Langer, P., Seidl, M. and Wimmer, M. (2009), \u201cTowards end\u2010user adaptable model versioning: the by\u2010example operation recorder\u201d, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Comparison and Versioning of Software Models (CVSM) in Conjunction with the 31st International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), May 16\u201024, Vancouver, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 55\u201060.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVSM.2009.5071723"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruegge, B., de Lucia, A., Fasano, F. and Tortora, G. (2006), \u201cSupporting distributed software development with fine\u2010grained artefact management\u201d, International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE), IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 213\u201022.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICGSE.2006.261235"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b18","unstructured":"Brun, C. and Pierantonio, A. (2008), \u201cModel differences in the eclipse modelling framework\u201d, UPGRADE: The European Journal for the Informatics Professional, Vol. IX No. 2, pp. 29\u201034."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buffenbarger, J. (1995), \u201cSyntactic software merging\u201d, Software Configuration Management, ICSE SCM\u20104 and SCM\u20105 Workshops Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1005, Springer, Berlin, pp. 153\u201072.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-60578-9_14"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canfora, G., Cerulo, L. and Di Penta, M. (2009), \u201cTracking your changes: a language\u2010independent approach\u201d, IEEE Software, Vol. 26 No. 1, pp. 50\u20107.","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2009.26"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cicchetti, A., Ruscio, D.D. and Pierantonio, A. (2007), \u201cA metamodel independent approach to difference representation\u201d, Journal of Object Technology, Vol. 6 No. 9, pp. 165\u201085.","DOI":"10.5381\/jot.2007.6.9.a9"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cicchetti, A., Ruscio, D.D. and Pierantonio, A. (2008), \u201cManaging model conflicts in distributed development\u201d, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS), Toulouse, France, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 5301, Springer, Berlin, pp. 311\u201025.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-87875-9_23"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b23","unstructured":"Collins\u2010Sussman, B., Fitzpatrick, B.W. and Pilato, C.M. (2004), Version Control with Subversion, O'Reilly Media, Sebastopol, CA."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conradi, R. and Westfechtel, B. (1997), \u201cTowards a uniform version model for software configuration management\u201d, Software Configuration Management, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1235, Springer, Berlin, pp. 1\u201017.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-63014-7_1"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conradi, R. and Westfechtel, B. (1998), \u201cVersion models for software configuration management\u201d, ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp. 232\u201082.","DOI":"10.1145\/280277.280280"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Czarnecki, K., Helsen, S. and Eisenecker, U. (2005), \u201cFormalizing cardinality\u2010based feature models and their specialization\u201d, Software Process: Improvement and Practice, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 7\u201029.","DOI":"10.1002\/spip.213"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b27","unstructured":"DeWitt, Y.W.D.J. and Cai, J.\u2010Y. (2003), \u201cX\u2010Diff: an effective change detection algorithm for XML documents\u201d, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Data Engineering, March 5\u20108, Bangalore, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 519\u201030."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edwards, W.K. (1997), \u201cFlexible conflict detection and management in collaborative applications\u201d, Proceedings of the 10th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, 14\u201017, October, Banff, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 139\u201048.","DOI":"10.1145\/263407.263533"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ekman, T. and Asklund, U. (2004), \u201cRefactoring\u2010aware versioning in eclipse\u201d, Proceedings of the 2nd Eclipse Technology Exchange: eTX and the Eclipse Phenomenon (eTX), Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. 107, pp. 57\u201069.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcs.2004.02.048"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Estublier, J., Leblang, D., van der Hoek, A., Conradi, R., Clemm, G., Tichy, W.F. and Wiborg\u2010Weber, D. (2005), \u201cImpact of software engineering research on the practice of software configuration management\u201d, ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, Vol. 14 No. 4, pp. 383\u2010430.","DOI":"10.1145\/1101815.1101817"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feather, M.S. (1989), \u201cDetecting interference when merging specification evolutions\u201d, Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Software Specification and Design (IWSSD), Pittsburgh, PA, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 169\u201076.","DOI":"10.1145\/75200.75226"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b32","unstructured":"Fowler, M., Beck, K., Brant, J., Opdyke, W. and Roberts, D. (1999), Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code, Addison\u2010Wesley, Glen View, IL."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"France, R. and Rumpe, B. (2007), \u201cModel\u2010driven development of complex software: a research roadmap\u201d, Future of Software Engineering (FOSE), IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 37\u201054.","DOI":"10.1109\/FOSE.2007.14"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamming, R.W. (1950), \u201cError detecting and error correcting codes\u201d, The Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. XXVI No. 2, pp. 147\u201060.","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1950.tb00463.x"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holck, J. and Jorgensen, N. (2003), \u201cContinuous integration and quality assurance: a case study of two open source projects\u201d, Australasian Journal of Information Systems, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 40\u201053.","DOI":"10.3127\/ajis.v11i1.145"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b36","unstructured":"Hunt, J.W. and McIlroy, M.D. (1976), \u201cAn algorithm for differential file comparison\u201d, Technical Report CSTR 41, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b37","unstructured":"Ignat, C.\u2010L. and Norrie, M.C. (2004), \u201cOperation\u2010based versus state\u2010based merging in asynchronous graphical collaborative editing\u201d, paper presented at the 6th International Workshop on Collaborative Editing, Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), Chicago, IL, available at: http\/\/dsonline.computer.org\/portal\/cms_docs_dsonline\/dsonline\/topics\/collaborative\/events\/iwces\u20106\/ignat_norrie.pdf (accessed May 24, 2009)."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b38","unstructured":"Ignat, C.\u2010L. and Norrie, M.C. (2005), \u201cOperation\u2010based merging of hierarchical documents\u201d, Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), June, Porto, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol. 161, pp. 101\u20106."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00f6gel, M. (2008), \u201cTowards software configuration management for unified models\u201d, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Comparison and Versioning of Software Models (CVSM), Leipzig, Germany, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 19\u201024.","DOI":"10.1145\/1370152.1370158"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolovos, D.S., Di Ruscio, D., Pierantonio, A. and Paige, R.F. (2009), \u201cDifferent models for model matching: an analysis of approaches to support model differencing\u201d, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Comparison and Versioning of Software Models (CVSM) in Conjunction with the 31st International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), May 16\u201024, Vancouver, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 1\u20106.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVSM.2009.5071714"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b41","unstructured":"K\u00f6nemann, P. (2009), \u201cModel\u2010independent differences\u201d, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Comparison and Versioning of Software Models (CVSM) in Conjunction with the 31st International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 37\u201042."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b42","unstructured":"Levenshtein, V.I. (1966), \u201cBinary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions, and reversals\u201d, Cybernetics and Control Theory, Vol. 10 No. 8, pp. 707\u201010."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Y., Gray, J. and Jouault, F. (2007), \u201cDsmdiff: a differentiation tool for domain\u2010specific models\u201d, European Journal of Information Systems, Vol. 16 No. 4, pp. 349\u201061.","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ejis.3000685"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lippe, E. and van Oosterom, N. (1992), \u201cOperation\u2010based merging\u201d, Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on Software Development Environments (SDE), ACM, New York, NY, pp. 78\u201087.","DOI":"10.1145\/142882.143753"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magnusson, B. and Asklund, U. (1996), \u201cFine grained version control of configurations in COOP\/Orm\u201d, Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on System Configuration Management (SCM) in Conjunction with the 18th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Berlin, Germany, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1167, Springer, London, pp. 31\u201048.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0023079"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magnusson, B., Asklund, U. and Min\u00f6r, S. (1993), \u201cFine\u2010grained revision control for collaborative software development\u201d, SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, Vol. 18 No. 5, pp. 33\u201041.","DOI":"10.1145\/167049.167061"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mens, T. (2002), \u201cA state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art survey on software merging\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 28 No. 5, pp. 449\u201062.","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2002.1000449"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mens, T. and Tourw\u00e9, T. (2004), \u201cA survey of software refactoring\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp. 126\u201039.","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2004.1265817"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mens, T., van der Straeten, R. and D'Hondt, M. (2006), \u201cDetecting and resolving model inconsistencies using transformation dependency analysis\u201d, Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4199, Springer, Berlin, pp. 200\u201014.","DOI":"10.1007\/11880240_15"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munson, J.P. and Dewan, P. (1994), \u201cA flexible object merging framework\u201d, Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 231\u201042.","DOI":"10.1145\/192844.193016"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murta, L., Corr\u00eaa, C., Prud\u00eancio, J. and Werner, C. (2008), \u201cTowards Odyssey\u2010VCS 2: improvements over a UML\u2010based version control system\u201d, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Comparison and Versioning of Software Models (CVSM) in Conjunction with the International Conference on Software Engineering, Leipzig, Germany, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 25\u201030.","DOI":"10.1145\/1370152.1370159"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, T.N. (2006), \u201cA novel structure\u2010oriented difference approach for software artifacts\u201d, Proceedings of the 30th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, pp. 197\u2010204.","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC.2006.13"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b53","unstructured":"OASIS (2007), \u201cWeb service business process execution language (WSBPEL) standard version 2.0\u201d, available at: http:\/\/docs.oasis\u2010 open.org\/wsbpel\/2.0\/wsbpel\u2010 v2.0.pdf."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oda, T. and Saeki, M. (2006), \u201cMeta\u2010modeling based version control system for software diagrams\u201d, IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, Vol. E89\u2010D No. 4, pp. 1390\u2010402.","DOI":"10.1093\/ietisy\/e89-d.4.1390"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohst, D., Welle, M. and Kelter, U. (2003), \u201cDifferences between versions of UML diagrams\u201d, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, Vol. 28 No. 5, pp. 227\u201036.","DOI":"10.1145\/949952.940102"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b56","unstructured":"OMG (2005), \u201cOCL 2.0 specification\u201d, available at: www.omg.org\/docs\/ptc\/03\u201010\u201014.pdf (accessed May 17, 2009)."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perry, D.E., Siy, H.P. and Votta, L.G. (2001), \u201cParallel changes in large\u2010scale software development: an observational case study\u201d, ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. 308\u201037.","DOI":"10.1145\/383876.383878"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rivera, J.E. and Vallecillo, A. (2008), \u201cRepresenting and operating with model differences\u201d, Objects, Components, Models and Patterns, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Vol. 11, Springer, Berlin, pp. 141\u201060.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69824-1_9"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rochkind, M.J. (1975), \u201cThe source code control system\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 1 No. 4, pp. 364\u201070.","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1975.6312866"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schipper, A., Fuhrmann, H. and van Hanxleden, R. (2009), \u201cVisual comparison of graphical models\u201d, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 335\u201040.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECCS.2009.15"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt, M. and Gloetzner, T. (2008), \u201cConstructing difference tools for models using the sidiff framework\u201d, Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Companion Volume, Session: Informal research demonstrations, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 947\u20108.","DOI":"10.1145\/1370175.1370201"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b62","unstructured":"Schneider, C. and Z\u00fcndorf, A. (2007), \u201cExperiences in using optimistic locking in Fujaba\u201d, paper presented at the 1st Workshop on Comparison and Versioning of UML Models (VVUM), Hamburg, available at: http\/\/pi.informatik.uni\u2010siegen.de\/gi\/fg211\/VVUM07\/pp\/Schneider_Zuendorf_2007_ppVVUM07.pdf (accessed May 24, 2009)."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneider, C., Z\u00fcndorf, A. and Niere, J. (2004), \u201cCoObRA \u2013 a small step for development tools to collaborative environments\u201d, Proceedings of the Workshop on Directions in Software Engineering Environments in Conjunction with the 26th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Scotland, UK, pp. 21\u20108.","DOI":"10.1049\/ic:20040206"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcmmer, T. and Haake, J.M. (2001), \u201cSupporting distributed software development by modes of collaboration\u201d, Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (ECSCW), Kluwer Academic, Norwell, MA, pp. 79\u201098.","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-48019-0_5"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shao, D., Khurshid, S. and Perry, D.E. (2007), \u201cEvaluation of semantic interference detection in parallel changes: an exploratory experiment\u201d, Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM), Paris, France, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 74\u201083.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.2007.4362620"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b66","unstructured":"Shen, H. and Sun, C. (2001), \u201cOperation\u2010based revision control systems\u201d, paper presented at the 3rd Annual Collaborative Editing Workshop, September, Boulder, CO, available at: www.userpages.umbc.edu\/\u223cjcampbel\/Group01\/Shen_iwces3.pdf (accessed May 24, 2009)."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, H. and Sun, C. (2002), \u201cFlexible merging for asynchronous collaborative systems\u201d, On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: CoopIS, DEOA, and ODBASE, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2519, Springer, Berlin, pp. 304\u201021.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36124-3_18"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b68","unstructured":"St\u00f6rrle, H. (2007), \u201cA formal approach to the cross\u2010language version management of models\u201d, Proceedings of the 5th Nordic Workshop on Model Driven Engineering (NW\u2010MODE), Ronneby, Schweden, pp. 83\u201097."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b69","unstructured":"Thione, G.L. and Perry, D.E. (2005), \u201cParallel changes: detecting semantic interferences\u201d, Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference, Vol. 1, pp. 47\u201056."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b70","unstructured":"Tichy, W.F. (1982), \u201cDesign, implementation, and evaluation of a revision control system\u201d, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Software Engineering, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 58\u201067."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b71","unstructured":"Toulm\u00e9, A. (2006), \u201cPresentation of EMF compare utility\u201d, paper presented at the Eclipse Modeling Symposium, available at: www.eclipsecon.org\/summiteurope2006\/presentations\/ESE2006\u2010EclipseModelingSymposium10_EMFCompareUtility.pdf (accessed May 24, 2009)."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Treude, C., Berlik, S., Wenzel, S. and Kelter, U. (2007), \u201cDifference computation of large models\u201d, Proceedings of the 6th Joint Meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, Dubrovnik, Croatia, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 295\u2010304.","DOI":"10.1145\/1287624.1287665"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b73","unstructured":"V\u00f6lkel, M. and Groza, T. (2006), \u201cSemVersion: an RDF\u2010based ontology versioning system\u201d, Proceedings of the International Conference on WWW\/Internet (IADIS), Murcia, Spain, Vol. 1, pp. 195\u2010202."},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Westfechtel, B. (1991), \u201cStructure\u2010oriented merging of revisions of software documents\u201d, Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Software Configuration Management (SCM), Trondheim, Norway, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 68\u201079.","DOI":"10.1145\/111062.111071"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whitehead, J. (2007), \u201cCollaboration in software engineering: a roadmap\u201d, Future of Software Engineering (FOSE), IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, pp. 214\u201025.","DOI":"10.1109\/FOSE.2007.4"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, W. (1994), \u201cHow to merge program texts\u201d, Journal of Systems and Software, Vol. 27 No. 2, pp. 129\u201035.","DOI":"10.1016\/0164-1212(94)90026-4"},{"key":"key2022021920104047800_b77","unstructured":"Zimmermann, T., Weisgerber, P., Diehl, S. and Zeller, A. (2004), \u201cMining version histories to guide software changes\u201d, Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, pp. 563\u201072."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Web Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/17440080910983556","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17440080910983556\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17440080910983556\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:24:59Z","timestamp":1753403099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ijwis\/article\/5\/3\/271-304\/164843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,28]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/17440080910983556"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/17440080910983556","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-0084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-0084","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,28]]}}}