{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T16:06:34Z","timestamp":1759939594848,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,5]],"date-time":"2011-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to introduce an expressive query language, called relational XML query language (RXQL), capable of dealing with heterogeneous Extensible Markup Language (XML) documents in data\u2010centric applications. In RXQL, data harmonization (i.e. the removal of heterogeneous factors from XML data) is integrated with typical data\u2010centric features (e.g. grouping, ordering, and aggregation).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>RXQL is based on the XML relation representation, developed in the authors' previous work. This is a novel approach to unambiguously represent semistructured data relationally, which makes it possible in RXQL to manipulate XML data in a tuple\u2010oriented way, while XML data are typically manipulated in a path\u2010oriented way.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The user is able to describe the result of an RXQL query straightforwardly based on non\u2010XML syntax. The analysis of this description, through the mechanism developed in this paper, affords the automatic construction of the query result. This feature increases significantly the declarativeness of RXQL compared to the path\u2010oriented XML languages where the user needs to control the construction of the result extensively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors' formal specification of the construction of the query result can be considered as an abstract implementation of RXQL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>RXQL is a declarative query language capable of integrating data harmonization seamlessly with other data\u2010centric features in the manipulation of heterogeneous XML data. So far, these kinds of XML query languages have been missing. Obviously, the expressive power of RXQL can be achieved by computationally complete XML languages, such as XQuery. However, these are not actual query languages, and the query formulation in them usually presupposes programming skills that are beyond the ordinary end\u2010user.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/17440081111125662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,9]],"date-time":"2011-04-09T07:08:40Z","timestamp":1302332920000},"page":"62-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A query language for selecting, harmonizing, and aggregating heterogeneous XML data"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Turkka","family":"N\u00e4ppil\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Moilanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Niemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022012519443985400_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aho, A.V., Hopcroft, J.E. and Ullman, J.D. 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