{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:54:52Z","timestamp":1754157292169,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,8]],"date-time":"2010-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to verify that improved immune network can be used to design new controller for engineering.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>First, the definition of artificial immune controller is given out. Second, the disadvantage of Varela immune network which is not fit for control system is pointed out. Third, based on the analysis, the Varela immune network is modified for the purpose of designing controller with the mechanisms of immune network. And an immune controller based on improved Varela immune network (improved Varela immune network model (IVINM)\u2010AIC) is designed out. Its theoretic background is described in detail.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the theoretic analysis and experiment of motor speed control, it is found that Varela immune work can be used to design immune controller. The experiments results show that IVINM\u2010AIC is much more robust, stable and anti\u2010delay and less overshoot than classical proportion, integration, and differentiation controller. It is good at controlling nonlinear system which is single input single output (SISO) system. The limitation of IVINM\u2010AIC is that it is used for simple SISO system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The theoretic analysis of improved Varela immune network controller is original and it is useful for the analysis and design of new and complex immune controller. The experiment design is useful for comparison of new test in future.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/17563781011049223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,12]],"date-time":"2010-06-12T07:05:43Z","timestamp":1276326343000},"page":"310-333","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Research of a kind of improved immune controller based immune network"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Mo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lifang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b1","unstructured":"Chen, B.S. (2004), Electric Driving Automatic Control System, China Mechanical Press, Shanghai."},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, W.Q., Zhou, J.Z. and Wei, B. (2006), \u201cCompensatory controller based on artificial immune system\u201d, Proceedings of 2006 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, Luoyang, China, pp. 1608\u201013.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMA.2006.257436"},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b3","unstructured":"Fu, D.H. and Zheng, D.L. (2005), \u201cThe analysis of stability of immune control system based on small gain theorem\u201d, Proceedings of International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems, Hong Kong, China, pp. 1056\u20109."},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishida, Y. (1996), \u201cActive noise control by an immune algorithm: adaptation in immune system as an evolution\u201d, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference Evolutionary Computing, Nagoya, pp. 150\u20103.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEC.1996.542351"},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b5","unstructured":"Ishiguro, A., Ichikaw, A.S. and Uchikaway, A. (1994), \u201cA gait acquisition of a 6 legged robot using immune networks\u201d, IEEE\/RSJ\/GI International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Munich, Germany, Vol. 2, pp. 1034\u201041."},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b6","unstructured":"Jerne, N.K. (1974), \u201cTowards a network theory of the immune system\u201d, Annual Immunology, Vol. 125C, pp. 373\u201089."},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kan, J.M., Li, W.B. and Liu, J.B. (2008), \u201cFuzzy immune self\u2010tuning PID controller and its simulation\u201d, 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, Singapore, pp. 625\u20108.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIEA.2008.4582590"},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b8","unstructured":"Kim, D.H. (2001), \u201cTuning of a PID controller using an artificial immune network model and local fuzzy set\u201d, Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, Seoul, Korea, pp. 1656\u201061."},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b11","unstructured":"Kim, D.H. and Lee, K.Y. (2002), \u201cNeural networks control by immune network algorithm based auto\u2010weight function tuning\u201d, Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Honolulu, HI, USA, pp. 1469\u201074."},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b10","unstructured":"Kim, D.W. and Cho, J.H. (2002), \u201cAuto\u2010tuning of reference model based PID controller using immune algorithm\u201d, Evolutionary Computation, Proceedings of the 2002 Congress on Evolutionary Computing, Honolulu, HI, USA, pp. 483\u20108."},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, D.W. and Cho, J.H. (2004), \u201cIntelligent tuning of PID controller with robust disturbance rejection function using immune algorithm\u201d, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Knowledge\u2010Based Intelligent Information & Engineering System, Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 57\u201063.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30132-5_12"},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b13","unstructured":"Kim, D.W. and Horg, W.P. (2004), \u201cTuning of PID controller of deal time process using immune based on multiobjective\u201d, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Knowledge\u2010Based Intelligent Information & Engineering System, Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 221\u20106."},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b14","unstructured":"Lee, D.W. and Sim, K.B. (1997), \u201cArtificial immune network based cooperative control in collective autonomous mobile robots\u201d, 6th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication, Sendai, Japan, pp. 58\u201063."},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b15","unstructured":"Mo, H.W. and Zuo, X.Q. (2009), Artificial Immune Systems, 1st ed., Science Press, Beijing."},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, D.G., Zhang, H., Yang, L. and Xu, L. (2007), \u201cStudy of immune PID adaptive controller and its applications in thermal control system\u201d, Proceedings of 2007 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security, Harbin, China, pp. 470\u20104.","DOI":"10.1109\/CIS.2007.148"},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b17","unstructured":"Qi, D.Q. and Tan, Y.Q. (2001), \u201cPresent situation and future development of neural network\u2010based control\u201d, Journal of Automation & Instrumentation, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp. 1\u20107."},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b18","unstructured":"Sasaki, M., Kawakuku, M. and Takahashi, K. (1999), \u201cAn immune feedback mechanism based network controller\u201d, Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Neural Information, Perth, Australia, pp. 502\u20107."},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b19","unstructured":"Shen, G., Cong, D.C. and Han, J.W. (2008), \u201cApplication of fuzzy immune PID control in starch production line\u201d, Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, Vol. 39 No. 10, pp. 109\u2010112+118."},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b20","unstructured":"Shi, T.N., Zhang, D.L. and Xia, C.L. (2008), \u201cFuzzy\u2010immune\u2010PID controller based on genetic tuning for permanent magnet AC servo control system\u201d, Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, Vol. 23 No. 7, pp. 45\u201050."},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahashi, K. and Yamada, T. (1997), \u201cA self\u2010tuning immune feedback controller for controlling mechanical system\u201d, Proceedings of IEEE Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 101\u20106.","DOI":"10.1109\/AIM.1997.652968"},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahashi, K. and Yamada, T. (1998), \u201cApplication of an immune feedback mechanism to control systems\u201d, JSME International Journal, Series C, Vol. 41 No. 2, pp. 184\u201091.","DOI":"10.1299\/jsmec.41.184"},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahashi, K. and Yamada, T. (2009), \u201cApplication of an immune feedback mechanism to control systems\u201d, JSME International Journal, Series C: Dynamics, Control, Robotics, Design and Manufacturing, Vol. 41 No. 2, pp. 184\u201091.","DOI":"10.1299\/jsmec.41.184"},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b24","unstructured":"Tan, Y.Z., Shen, J. and Li, Z.Z. (2003), \u201cA study of the immune evolutionary algorithm\u2010based self\u2010tuning PID control of superheated steam temperature\u201d, Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 58\u201062."},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varela, F.J. and Stewart, J. (1990), \u201cDynamics of a class of immune network: global stability of idiotype interactions\u201d, J. Theor. Biolo., Vol. 144 No. 1, pp. 93\u2010101.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(05)80301-7"},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watanabe, Y., Ishiguro, A., Shirai, Y. and Uchikawa, Y. (1998), \u201cEmergent construction of behavior arbitration mechanism based on the immune system\u201d, Proceedings of World Congress on Computing Intelligence, Anchorage, AK, USA, pp. 481\u20106.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEC.1998.699855"},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b28","unstructured":"Zhang, J.H. and Hu, Z.H. (1997), \u201cDevelopment of fuzzy control theory and its applications\u201d, Journal of Technological Advances, Vol. 19 No. 3, pp. 156\u20109."},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_b27","unstructured":"Zhao, Y.F., Fu, D.M. and Yin, Y.X. (2008), \u201cA design method of immune controller based on artificial immune network\u201d, Chinese Control and Decision Conference, Kunming, China, pp. 3726\u201032."},{"key":"key2022021620490289800_frd1","unstructured":"Kim, D.W. (2002), \u201cParameter tuning of fuzzy neural networks by immune algorithm\u201d, Proceedings of 2002 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, Japan, pp. 408\u201013."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/17563781011049223","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17563781011049223\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17563781011049223\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:44:20Z","timestamp":1753400660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ijicc\/article\/3\/2\/310-333\/132963"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,8]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/17563781011049223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/17563781011049223","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-378X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1756-378X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,8]]}}}