{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T05:23:58Z","timestamp":1761197038144,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,28]],"date-time":"2011-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of the paper is to propose a quantitative approach for assessing the qualitative nature of organizational vision.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper uses grey systems method to rank and evaluate the vision of five top\u2010ranked universities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is shown in the literature that qualitative consideration of organizational vision can be quantified using a mathematical method. This method can be used as a decision\u2010making tool where the judgments of the decision maker are not exact.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study expresses the qualitative nature of organizational vision into a quantified shape. It does it through a mathematical method called \u201cgrey systems theory\u201d. Moreover, it seems that the application of grey systems theory to the business context has rarely been examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/20439371111106713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,22]],"date-time":"2011-01-22T07:25:05Z","timestamp":1295681105000},"page":"33-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Application of grey theory approach to evaluation of organizational vision"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Fariborz","family":"Rahimnia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Moghadasian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Mashreghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ache, P. (2000), \u201cVision and creativity: challenge for city regions\u201d, Futures, Vol. 32 No. 5, pp. 435\u201049.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-3287(99)00085-3"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnett, K. and McCormick, J. (2003), \u201cVision, relationships and teacher motivation: a case study\u201d, Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 41 No. 1, pp. 55\u201073.","DOI":"10.1108\/09578230310457439"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baum, I.R., Locke, E.A. and Kirkpatrick, S.A. (1998), \u201cA longitudinal study of the relation of vision and vision communication to venture growth in entrepreneurial firms\u201d, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 83 No. 1, pp. 43\u201054.","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.83.1.43"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, J.L. (1982), \u201cControl problems of grey systems\u201d, Systems and Control Letters, Vol. 1 No. 5, pp. 288\u201094.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6911(82)80025-X"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dvir, T., Kass, N. and Shamir, B. (2004), \u201cThe emotional bond: vision and organizational commitment among high\u2010tech employees\u201d, Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 126\u201043.","DOI":"10.1108\/09534810410530575"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finkelstein, S., Harvey, C. and Lawton, T. (2008), \u201cVision by design: a reflexive approach to enterprise regeneration\u201d, Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 29 No. 2, pp. 4\u201013.","DOI":"10.1108\/02756660810858107"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ford, J.D. and Pasmore, W.A. (2006), \u201cVision: friend or foe during change?\u201d, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 42 No. 2, pp. 172\u20106.","DOI":"10.1177\/0021886306286346"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foster, R.D. and Akdere, M. (2007), \u201cEffective organizational vision: implications for human resource development\u201d, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 31 No. 2, pp. 100\u201011.","DOI":"10.1108\/0309059074336"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helm, R.V. (2009), \u201cThe vision phenomenon: towards a theoretical underpinning of visions of the future and the process of envisioning\u201d, Futures, Vol. 41 No. 2, pp. 96\u2010104.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.futures.2008.07.036"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu, L.C. and Wang, C.H. (2009), \u201cForecasting integrated circuit output using multivariate grey model and grey relational analysis\u201d, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 36 No. 2, pp. 1403\u20109.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.11.015"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kantabutra, S. (2009), \u201cToward a behavioral theory of vision in organizational settings\u201d, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 30 No. 4, pp. 319\u201037.","DOI":"10.1108\/01437730910961667"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b12","unstructured":"Kantabutra, S. and Avery, G.C. (2003), \u201cEnhancing SME performance through vision based leadership: an empirical study\u201d, Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference, 2003 Small Enterprise Association of Australia & New Zealand, Ballarat."},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kantabutra, S. and Avery, G.C. (2007), \u201cVision effects in customer and staff satisfaction: an empirical investigation\u201d, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 28 No. 3, pp. 209\u201029.","DOI":"10.1108\/01437730710739648"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kantabutra, S. and Avery, G.C. (2010), \u201cThe power of vision: statements that resonate\u201d, Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 31 No. 1, pp. 37\u201045.","DOI":"10.1108\/02756661011012769"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b15","unstructured":"Kaplan, R.S., Norton, D.P. and Barrows, E.A. Jr (2008), Developing the Strategy: Vision, Value Gaps, and Analysis, Harvard Business School, Boston, MA, Article Reprint No. B0801A."},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelly, D. (2000), \u201cUsing vision to improve organizational communication\u201d, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 21 No. 2, pp. 92\u2010101.","DOI":"10.1108\/01437730010318183"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kenny, T. (1994), \u201cFrom vision to reality through values\u201d, Management Development Review, Vol. 3 No. 7, pp. 17\u201020.","DOI":"10.1108\/09622519410060375"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kung, C.Y. and Wen, K.L. (2007), \u201cApplying grey relational analysis and grey decision making to evaluate the relationship between company attributes and its financial performance: a case study of venture capital enterprises in Taiwan\u201d, Decision Support Systems, Vol. 43 No. 3, pp. 842\u201052.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2006.12.012"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larwood, L., Falbe, C.M., Kriger, M.P. and Miesing, P. (1995), \u201cStructure and meaning of organizational vision\u201d, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 38 No. 3, pp. 740\u201069.","DOI":"10.5465\/256744"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, G.D., Yamaguchi, D. and Nagai, M. (2007), \u201cA grey\u2010based decision\u2010making approach to the supplier selection problem\u201d, Mathematical and Computer Modelling, Vol. 46 Nos 3\/4, pp. 573\u201081.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcm.2006.11.021"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Q.X. (2009), \u201cGrey dynamic input\u2010output analysis\u201d, Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, Vol. 359 No. 2, pp. 514\u201026.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmaa.2009.05.053"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Y. and Liu, S. (2007), \u201cNational economic strength as evaluated using grey systems theory\u201d, Kybernetes, Vol. 36 No. 1, pp. 89\u201097.","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920710741170"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Y., Chen, M. and Liu, S. (2004), \u201cTheory of grey systems: capturing uncertainties of grey information\u201d, Kybernetes, Vol. 33 No. 2, pp. 196\u2010218.","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920410514139"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGivern, M.H. and Tvorik, S.J. (1998), \u201cVision driven organizations: measurement techniques for group classification\u201d, Management Decision, Vol. 36 No. 4, pp. 241\u201064.","DOI":"10.1108\/00251749810211045"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morden, T. (1997), \u201cLeadership as vision\u201d, Management Decision, Vol. 59 No. 9, pp. 668\u201076.","DOI":"10.1108\/00251749710186504"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O'Brien, F. and Meadows, M. (2000), \u201cCorporate visioning: a survey of UK practice\u201d, Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 51 No. 1, pp. 36\u201044.","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2600907"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O'Brien, F. and Meadows, M. (2001), \u201cHow to develop visions: a literature review, and a revised CHOICES approach for an uncertain world\u201d, Journal of Systemic Practice and Action Research, Vol. 14 No. 4, pp. 495\u2010515.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011308220031"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b27","unstructured":"Price, W.H. (2001), \u201cVision and change: the relationship between vision statement and strategic change in organizations\u201d, Dissertation, Submitted to School of Business and Entrepreneurship Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL."},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahimnia, F., Castka, P. and Sharp, J.M. (2005), \u201cTowards understanding the impeders of strategy implementation in higher education (HE): a case of HE institutes in Iran\u201d, Quality Assurance in Education, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 132\u201047.","DOI":"10.1108\/09684880510594382"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahimnia, F., Polychronakis, Y. and Sharp, J.M. (2009), \u201cA conceptual framework of impeders to strategy implementation from an exploratory case study in an Iranian university\u201d, Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues, Vol. 2 No. 4, pp. 246\u201061.","DOI":"10.1108\/17537980911001080"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rampersad, H.K. (2001), \u201cA visionary management model\u201d, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 13 No. 4, pp. 211\u201023.","DOI":"10.1108\/09544780110391648"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sosik, J.J. and Dinger, S.L. (2007), \u201cRelationships between leadership style and vision content: the moderating role of need for social approval, self\u2010monitoring, and need for social power\u201d, The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 18 No. 2, pp. 134\u201053.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2007.01.004"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson, I. (1992), \u201cRealizing the power of strategic vision\u201d, Long Range Planning, Vol. 25 No. 5, pp. 18\u201028.","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-6301(92)90271-3"},{"key":"key2022030720401448600_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A. (1965), \u201cFuzzy sets\u201d, Information and Control, Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 338\u201053.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X"}],"container-title":["Grey Systems: Theory and Application"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/20439371111106713\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/20439371111106713\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:52:31Z","timestamp":1753401151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/gs\/article\/1\/1\/33-46\/221256"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,28]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/20439371111106713"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/20439371111106713","relation":{},"ISSN":["2043-9377"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2043-9377"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,28]]}}}