{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:56:31Z","timestamp":1754157391916,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,19]],"date-time":"2011-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1313712000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,19]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:title>The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem existing in the forecast of impact disturbance grey system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>Under the axiomatic system of buffer operator in grey system theory, a novel kind of buffer operators with variable weight \u03bb<\/jats:italic> based on the principle of average tempo of time sequence and using new information is proposed. The optimization solution for variable weight \u03bb<\/jats:italic> is obtained by using genetic algorithm. It is proved that the new buffer operators are effective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Findings<\/jats:title>The results show that the new buffer operators accord with the buffer operator's three axioms and the monotonicity non\u2010variable axiom. It is proved theoretically and in practice that the new buffer operators are more useful than other buffer operators in grey modeling for sequence with impact disturbance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Practical implications<\/jats:title>The novel buffer operators can reduce the randomness of grey sequence distorted by impact factors, and the forecast accuracy of a model which is built through the process with a novel buffer operator is significantly increased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>The paper succeeds in constructing two novel buffer operators with variable weight and the properties of novel operators are studied. The method to solve optimization value of weight is proposed. The method widens the scope of grey model application.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/20439371111163792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,27]],"date-time":"2011-08-27T07:29:41Z","timestamp":1314430181000},"page":"168-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["New buffer operators with variable weight based on average tempo and their optimization"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Wen\u2010zhan","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zi\u2010heng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ai\u2010ping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022012219533331900_b12","unstructured":"Cui, J. and Dng, Y.G. (2008), \u201cA kind of new weakening buffer operator and their application\u201d, Control and Decision, Vol. 23 No. 7, pp. 741\u20104."},{"key":"key2022012219533331900_b9","unstructured":"Dang, Y.G., Liu, B. and Guan, Y.Q. (2005), \u201cStudy on the strengthening buffer operators\u201d, Control and Decision, Vol. 20 No. 12, pp. 1332\u20106."},{"key":"key2022012219533331900_b8","unstructured":"Dang, Y.G., Liu, S.F. and Liu, B. (2004), \u201cStudy on the weakening buffer operators and researches\u201d, Chinese Journal of Management Science, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 108\u201011."},{"key":"key2022012219533331900_b11","unstructured":"Guan, Y.Q. and Liu, S.F. (2007), \u201cStudy on the weakening buffer operator sequence\u201d, Chinese Journal of Management Science, Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 89\u201092."},{"key":"key2022012219533331900_b4","unstructured":"Liu, S.F. (1991), \u201cThe three axioms of buffer operator and their application\u201d, The Journal of Grey System, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 39\u201048."},{"key":"key2022012219533331900_b6","unstructured":"Liu, S.F. (1997), \u201cThe trap in the prediction of a shock disturbed system and the buffer operator\u201d, Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Vol. 25 No. 1, pp. 25\u20107."},{"key":"key2022012219533331900_b13","unstructured":"Mi, C.M., Liu, S.F., Wu, Z.P. and Wang, J.L. (2009), \u201cStudy on sequence of strengthening buffer operator based on back cumulative\u2010sum method\u201d, Control and Decision, Vol. 24 No. 3, pp. 352\u20105."},{"key":"key2022012219533331900_b16","unstructured":"Wang, Z.X., Dng, Y.G. and Liu, S.F. (2009), \u201cBuffer operator with variable weights and the complement of axioms\u201d, System Engineering, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp. 113\u20107."},{"key":"key2022012219533331900_b17","unstructured":"Wang, Z.X., Yu, L.B. and Wei, Y.G. (2010), \u201cGrey geometry buffer operator with variable weights and its application in energy consumption forecast in China\u201d, Second International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, Wuhan, China, pp. 57\u201060."},{"key":"key2022012219533331900_b14","unstructured":"Wu, Z.P., Liu, S.F. and Cui, L.Z. (2009a), \u201cStudy on new weakening buffer operators\u201d, Control and Decision, Vol. 24 No. 12, pp. 1805\u20109."},{"key":"key2022012219533331900_b15","unstructured":"Wu, Z.P., Liu, S.F. and Mi, C.M. (2009b), \u201cThe construction of practical strenghthen buffer operator based on the monotone function\u201d, System Engineering, Vol. 20 No. 12, pp. 132\u20108."},{"key":"key2022012219533331900_b10","unstructured":"Xie, N.M. and Liu, S.F. (2003), \u201cA new applicative weakening buffer operator\u201d, Chinese Journal of Management Science, Vol. 11, S, pp. 46\u20108."},{"key":"key2022012219533331900_frd1","unstructured":"Deng, J.L. (2002), A Textbook of Grey System Theory, University of Science and Technology Press, Wuhan."},{"key":"key2022012219533331900_frd2","unstructured":"Deng, J.L. (2004), The Primary Methods of Grey Theory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press, Wuhan."},{"key":"key2022012219533331900_frd3","unstructured":"Liu, S.F. (1992), \u201cBuffer operator and its application\u201d, Theories and Practices of Grey System, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 45\u201050."},{"key":"key2022012219533331900_frd4","unstructured":"Liu, S.F. and Li, Y. (2006), Grey Information: Theory and Practical Applications, Springer, London."},{"key":"key2022012219533331900_frd5","unstructured":"Liu, S.F., Dang, Y.G. and Fang, Z.G. (2004), Grey System Theory and Its Application, Science, Beijing."}],"container-title":["Grey Systems: Theory and Application"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/20439371111163792","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/20439371111163792\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/20439371111163792\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:52:34Z","timestamp":1753401154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/gs\/article\/1\/2\/168-177\/97786"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,19]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/20439371111163792"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/20439371111163792","relation":{},"ISSN":["2043-9377"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2043-9377"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,19]]}}}