{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:56:34Z","timestamp":1754157394640,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,20]],"date-time":"2011-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1319068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to present an analytical modelling approach to predict engineering elastic constants of 3D woven orthogonal composites (3DWOCs) at representative volume element (RVE) level using a volume averaging method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present analytical modeling approach uses a more realistic internal geometry representation of the 3DWOC. A RVE which is a repeating element at macroscopic level is first identified and volume proportions and engineering elastic constants of various constituents (matrix and family of constituent tows; warp, weft and z\u2010fibers) which contribute to the global stiffness of RVE\/composite are next determined. For accurate predictions, emphasis is given to accurate measurements of micro\u2010structural data such as fiber volume fraction and fiber volume proportion of constituent tows and internal geometry of the 3DWOC structure\u2010in particular, undulation of z\u2010fibers. Microscopic study has been conducted in this regard.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The predicted engineering elastic constants are compared against experimental data, showing a strong correlation between predicted and experimental values.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The methodology presented in the paper can be used for accurate computation of the engineering elastic constants of 3DWOCs. The method can also be used for other types of 2D or 3D textile composites such as 2D woven composites, 2D braided composites, 3D woven angle interlock composites and 3D braided composites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper succeeds in relating the micro\u2010structural properties and analytical model for the accurate prediction of engineering elastic constants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/20439371111181233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,12]],"date-time":"2011-11-12T07:06:33Z","timestamp":1321081593000},"page":"228-239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Elastic analysis of 3D woven orthogonal composites"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Ansar","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuwei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022012320061821900_b1","unstructured":"Chamis, C.C. (1984), \u201cSimplified composite micromechanics equations for hygral, thermal and mechanical properties\u201d, SAMPE Quarterly, No. 4, pp. 14\u201023."},{"key":"key2022012320061821900_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cox, B.N. and Dadkhah, M.S. (1995), \u201cThe macroscopic elasticity of 3D woven composites\u201d, Journal of Composite Material, Vol. 29 No. 6, pp. 785\u2010819.","DOI":"10.1177\/002199839502900606"},{"key":"key2022012320061821900_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kregers, A.F. and Melbardis, Y.G. (1978), \u201cDetermination of the deformability of three\u2010dimensional reinforced composites by the stiffness averaging method\u201d, Polymer Mechanics, Vol. 1, pp. 25\u201031.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00859550"},{"key":"key2022012320061821900_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kregers, A.F. and Teters, G.A. (1981), \u201cDetermination of the elasto\u2010plastic properties of spatially reinforced composites by the averaging method\u201d, Mechanics of Composite Materials, Vol. 17, pp. 25\u201031.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00604878"},{"key":"key2022012320061821900_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Limmer, L., Weissenbach, G., Brown, D. and McIlhagger, R. (1996), \u201cThe potential of 3\u2010D woven composites examplified in a composite component for a lower leg prosthesis\u201d, Composites Part A, Vol. 27, pp. 271\u20107.","DOI":"10.1016\/1359-835X(95)00040-9"},{"key":"key2022012320061821900_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmood, A., Wang, X.W. and Zhou, C.W. (2011), \u201cModeling strategies of 3D woven composites: a review\u201d, Composite Structures, Vol. 93, pp. 1947\u201063.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2011.03.010"},{"key":"key2022012320061821900_b7","unstructured":"Mathworks, Inc. (2009), available at: www.mathworks.com (accessed October 20, 2011)."},{"key":"key2022012320061821900_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mouritz, A.P., Bannister, M.K., Falzon, P.J. and Leong, K.H. (1999), \u201cReview of applications for advanced three\u2010dimensional fiber textile composites\u201d, Composites Part A, Vol. 30, pp. 1445\u201061.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-835X(99)00034-2"},{"key":"key2022012320061821900_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagai, K., Yokoyama, A., Maekawa, Z.I. and Hamada, H. (1994), \u201cThe stress analysis method for three\u2010dimensional composite materials\u201d, Applied Composite Materials, Vol. 1, pp. 197\u2010216.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00567527"},{"key":"key2022012320061821900_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naik, N.K., Azad, S.N.M., Prasad, P.D. and Thuruthimattan, B.J. (2001), \u201cStress and failure analysis of 3D orthogonal interlock woven composites\u201d, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, Vol. 20, pp. 1485\u2010523.","DOI":"10.1177\/073168401772679110"},{"key":"key2022012320061821900_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pankow, M., Waas, A.M., Yen, C.F. and Ghiorse, S. (2009), \u201cA new lamination theory for layered textile composites that account for manufacturing induced effects\u201d, Composites Part A, Vol. 40, pp. 1991\u20102003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2009.08.021"},{"key":"key2022012320061821900_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelegri, A.A. and Kedlaya, D.N. (2008), \u201cDesign of composites using a generic unit cell model coupled with a hybrid genetic algorithm\u201d, Composites Part A, Vol. 39, pp. 1433\u201043.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2008.05.006"},{"key":"key2022012320061821900_b13","unstructured":"Sadd, M.H. (2005), Elasticity Theory, Applications and Numerics, Elsevier, Amsterdam."},{"key":"key2022012320061821900_b17","unstructured":"Tarnopol'skii, Y.M., Polyakov, V.A. and Zhigun, I.G. (1973), \u201cComposite materials reinforced with a system of three straight mutually orthogonal fibres. 1\u2010calculation of the elastic characteristics\u201d, Polymer Mechanics, Vol. 5, pp. 853\u201060."},{"key":"key2022012320061821900_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, P., Tong, L. and Steven, G.P. (1998), \u201cModeling approaches for 3D orthogonal woven composites\u201d, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, Vol. 17, pp. 545\u201077.","DOI":"10.1177\/073168449801700605"},{"key":"key2022012320061821900_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, J.M., Ma, C.L. and Chou, T.W. (1986), \u201cFibre inclination model of three\u2010dimensional textile structural composites\u201d, Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 20, pp. 473\u201084.","DOI":"10.1177\/002199838602000505"},{"key":"key2022012320061821900_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, L. and Qiu, Y. (2009), \u201cDesign and fabrication of microstrip antennas integrated in three dimensional orthogonal woven composites\u201d, Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 69, pp. 1004\u20108.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2009.01.013"}],"container-title":["Grey Systems: Theory and Application"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/20439371111181233","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/20439371111181233\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/20439371111181233\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:52:35Z","timestamp":1753401155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/gs\/article\/1\/3\/228-239\/91788"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,20]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/20439371111181233"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/20439371111181233","relation":{},"ISSN":["2043-9377"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2043-9377"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,20]]}}}