{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T12:32:43Z","timestamp":1781094763090,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This conceptual paper aims to demonstrate a holistic, multifaceted framework of interest development, information search, and knowledge construction (ISK) on children\u2019s diverse information search behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By reviewing previous literature on children\u2019s interest development, online information seeking and search, and knowledge construction, we propose the ISK framework. Then, we provide example case studies with pilot analyses using qualitative approaches (e.g. video-based interaction analysis, thematic analysis) showing how the framework can be applied to different types of authentic information-seeking situations for children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ISK framework demonstrates the multifaceted interplays between children\u2019s information behavior and their cognitive and affective development. This framework was supported using previous studies and pilot empirical applications. We also included potential research questions that could be addressed using the framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our paper provides a conceptual grounding to an in-depth, multidimensional understanding of children\u2019s information behavior, which have been limitedly addressed in previous studies. Considering that children begin to search from their early stage of development and their search behaviors are tightly associated with other developmental states, our paper highlights the importance of investigating children\u2019s search and information seeking and provides theoretical and empirical implications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ajim-01-2024-0041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T09:04:16Z","timestamp":1718960656000},"page":"1-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Toward a conceptual framework characterizing the interplay of\u00a0interest development, information search, and knowledge construction (ISK) in Children\u2019s learning"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0823-1316","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yong Ju","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Library and Information Studies, University of Oklahoma , , ,","place":["Norman, Oklahoma, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3643-2182","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiqun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Library and Information Studies, University of Oklahoma , , ,","place":["Norman, Oklahoma, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/09500693.2010.518640","article-title":"A cultural perspective on the structure of student interest in science","volume":"33","author":"Ainley","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Science Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1108\/AJIM-05-2019-0129","article-title":"Searching and deleting: youth, impression management and online traces of search","volume":"72","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aslib Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1108\/ajim-06-2019-0143","article-title":"An empirical analysis of search engines' response to web search queries associated with the classroom setting","volume":"72","author":"Anuyah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aslib Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010612272361100_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/07370008.2011.556834","article-title":"Lines of practice: a practice-centered theory of interest relationships","volume":"29","author":"Azevedo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cognition and Instruction"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1002\/sce.21319","article-title":"An inquiry into the structure of situational interests","volume":"102","author":"Azevedo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026010612272361100_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lisr.2021.101106","article-title":"Examining young children's information practices and experiences: a child-centered methodological approach","volume":"43","author":"Barriage","year":"2021","journal-title":"Library and Information Science Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0961000620962164","article-title":"Young children's information-seeking practices in center-based childcare","volume":"54","author":"Barriage","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref008","volume-title":"Learning Science in Informal Environments: People, Places, and Pursuits","author":"Bell","year":"2009"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026010612272361100_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-4571(2000)51:7&lt;646::aid-asi7&gt;3.0.co;2-a","article-title":"Children's use of the Yahooligans! Web search engine: I. Cognitive, physical, and affective behaviors on fact-based search tasks","volume":"51","author":"Bilal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010612272361100_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4571(2000)9999:9999&lt;::aid-asi1038&gt;3.3.co;2-i","article-title":"Children's use of the Yahooligans! Web search engine: II. Cognitive and physical behaviors on research tasks","volume":"52","author":"Bilal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026010612272361100_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.10145","article-title":"Children's use of the Yahooligans! Web search engine. III. Cognitive and physical behaviors on fully self-generated search tasks","volume":"53","author":"Bilal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref012","first-page":"93","article-title":"Towards new methodologies for assessing relevance of information retrieval from web search engines on children's queries","volume":"2","author":"Bilal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21619-0_67","article-title":"Evaluating leading web search engines on children's queries","author":"Bilal","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2018.06.008","article-title":"Children\u2019s query types and reformulations in Google search","volume":"54","author":"Bilal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Information Processing and Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010612272361100_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1108\/ajim-05-2018-0124","article-title":"Readability and word complexity of SERPs snippets and web pages on children's search queries","volume":"71","author":"Bilal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aslib Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026010612272361100_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-4573(01)00057-7","article-title":"Differences and similarities in information seeking: children and adults as Web users","volume":"38","author":"Bilal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Information Processing and Management"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref098","volume-title":"Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals: Handbook I, Cognitive Domain","author":"Bloom","year":"1956"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026010612272361100_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1108\/AJIM-09-2021-0252","article-title":"The effects of topic familiarity on college students' learning search process","volume":"74","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aslib Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12511","article-title":"The role of curiosity in the sociopolitical development of Black and Latinx adolescents","volume":"30","author":"Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescence"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026010612272361100_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23300","article-title":"The end game in K uhlthau's ISP M odel: knowledge construction for grade 8 students researching an inquiry-based history project","volume":"66","author":"Cole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3102\/978-0-935302-42-4_17","volume-title":"Interest in Mathematics and Science Learning","author":"Crowley","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010612272361100_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1080\/10508401003708381","article-title":"Shared epistemic agency: an empirical study of an emergent construct","volume":"19","author":"Dam\u015fa","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010612272361100_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/hbe2.142","article-title":"Growing up with Google: how children's understanding and use of internet-based devices relates to cognitive development","volume":"1","author":"Danovitch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010612272361100_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326985ep3102_2","article-title":"Types and qualities of knowledge","volume":"31","author":"De Jong","year":"1996","journal-title":"Educational Psychologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/10508400903452884","article-title":"Conducting video research in the learning sciences: guidance on selection, analysis, technology, and ethics","volume":"19","author":"Derry","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010612272361100_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/sce.20425","article-title":"Situational interest of high school students who visit an aquarium","volume":"95","author":"Dohn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science Education"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026010612272361100_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1080\/09500693.2011.628712","article-title":"Upper secondary students' situational interest: a case study of the role of a zoo visit in a biology class","volume":"35","author":"Dohn","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Science Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010612272361100_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2016.1160321","article-title":"Explaining the significance of participationist approaches for understanding students' knowledge acquisition","volume":"51","author":"Dohn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Educational Psychologist"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1145\/1551788.1551804","article-title":"How children search the internet with keyword interfaces","author":"Druin","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1145\/2063576.2063638","article-title":"What and how children search on the web","author":"Duarte Torres","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20161-5_92","article-title":"Web search query assistance functionality for young audiences","author":"Eickhoff","year":"2011"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026010612272361100_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1108\/ajim-11-2019-0309","article-title":"Enhancing classroom instruction with online news","volume":"72","author":"Ekstrand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aslib Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1504\/ijsmile.2014.059691","article-title":"Interest-driven STEM learning among youth through a social networking site","volume":"2","author":"Evans","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Media and Interactive Learning Environments"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1002\/pra2.121","article-title":"The false trade-off of relevance for safety in children's search systems","volume":"56","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/0300443981410101","article-title":"Thinking about thinking: developing metacognition in children","volume":"141","author":"Fisher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Early Child Development and Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026010612272361100_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21700","article-title":"Children's search roles at home: implications for designers, researchers, educators, and parents","volume":"63","author":"Foss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2018.11.002","article-title":"Threat-related attention bias in socioemotional development: a critical review and methodological considerations","volume":"51","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Developmental Review"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1145\/3176349.3176386","article-title":"Searching as learning: exploring search behavior and learning outcomes in learning-related tasks","author":"Ghosh","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010612272361100_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lisr.2016.11.007","article-title":"Watching young children \u201cplay\u201d with information technology: everyday life information seeking in the home","volume":"38","author":"Given","year":"2019","journal-title":"Library and Information Science Research"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref036","volume-title":"Becoming Qualitative Researchers: an Introduction","author":"Glesne","year":"2016","edition":"5th ed."},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref037","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Video Research in the Learning Sciences","author":"Goldman","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1145\/2009916.2010076","article-title":"What are the real differences of children's and adults' web search","author":"Gossen","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010612272361100_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-0663.92.2.316","article-title":"Short-term and long-term consequences of achievement goals: predicting interest and performance over time","volume":"92","author":"Harackiewicz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010612272361100_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/00220272.2010.511275","article-title":"Early years curriculum: funds for knowledge as a conceptual framework for children's interests","volume":"43","author":"Hedges","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Curriculum Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010612272361100_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326985ep4102_4","article-title":"The four-phase model of interest development","volume":"41","author":"Hidi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Educational Psychologist"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511606373.017","volume-title":"Building Virtual Communities: Learning and Change in Cyberspace","author":"Hoadley","year":"2002"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026010612272361100_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1080\/09500693.2019.1624992","article-title":"How situational interest affects individual interest in a STEAM competition","volume":"41","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Science Education"},{"issue":"5958","key":"2026010612272361100_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177067","article-title":"Promoting interest and performance in high school science classes","volume":"326","author":"Hulleman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-17616-6_21","article-title":"A children-oriented re-ranking method for Web search engines","author":"Iwata","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/15391523.2022.2142873","article-title":"A systematic review of conversational AI in language education: focusing on the collaboration with human teachers","volume":"55","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Technology in Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls0401_2","article-title":"Interaction analysis: foundations and practice","volume":"4","author":"Jordan","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref048","first-page":"99","article-title":"Youth's interest-driven learning and information seeking during COVID-19","author":"Jung","year":"2021"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026010612272361100_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-018-0310-9","article-title":"A methodological case study with mobile eye-tracking of child interaction in a science museum","volume":"62","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"TechTrends"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010612272361100_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1002\/sce.21514","article-title":"Emerging and developing children's situational interests during tablet-mediated biology education activities at a nature center","volume":"103","author":"Jung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science Education"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429260919-3","volume-title":"Press: Research Methods in Learning Design and Technology","author":"Jung","year":"2020","edition":"42"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/21548455.2022.2100940","article-title":"Shifts of epistemic agency between children and parents during making at museum-based makerspace","volume":"13","author":"Jung","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Science Education, Part B"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1145\/2808194.2809465","article-title":"Development and evaluation of search tasks for IIR experiments using a cognitive complexity framework","author":"Kelly","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026010612272361100_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/009155217800500302","article-title":"Andragogy: adult learning theory in perspective","volume":"5","author":"Knowles","year":"1978","journal-title":"Community College Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026010612272361100_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3150975","article-title":"Proactive information retrieval by capturing search intent from primary task context","volume":"8","author":"Koskela","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026010612272361100_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2005.07.007","article-title":"Basic needs and the development of interest and intrinsic motivational orientations","volume":"15","author":"Krapp","year":"2005","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref057","first-page":"205","volume-title":"An Introduction to Critical Discourse Analysis in Education","author":"Kress","year":"2011"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026010612272361100_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-4571(199106)42:5&lt;361::aid-asi6&gt;3.0.co;2-#","article-title":"Inside the search process: information seeking from the user's perspective","volume":"42","author":"Kuhlthau","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026010612272361100_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lisr.2022.101180","article-title":"Making across space: mapping creative information creation in the everyday environment","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Library and Information Science Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010612272361100_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164409355699","article-title":"Measuring situational interest in academic domains","volume":"70","author":"Linnenbrink-Garcia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Educational and Psychological Measurement"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1145\/3406522.3446015","article-title":"Interest development, knowledge learning, and interactive IR: toward a state-based approach to search as learning","author":"Liu","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3529372.3530926","article-title":"Leveraging user interaction signals and task state information in adaptively optimizing usefulness-oriented search sessions","author":"Liu","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3258","DOI":"10.1145\/3459637.3482190","article-title":"State-aware meta-evaluation of evaluation metrics in interactive information retrieval","author":"Liu","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1145\/2396761.2398434","article-title":"Exploring and predicting search task difficulty","author":"Liu","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/pra2.2016.14505301063","article-title":"The exploration of objective task difficulty and domain knowledge effects on users' query formulation","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1145\/3343413.3377976","article-title":"Identifying and predicting the states of complex search tasks","author":"Liu","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010612272361100_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1145\/1121949.1121979","article-title":"Exploratory search: from finding to understanding","volume":"49","author":"Marchionini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s10791-023-09426-1","article-title":"Constructing and meta-evaluating state-aware evaluation metrics for interactive search systems","volume":"26","author":"Markwald","year":"2023","journal-title":"Information Retrieval Journal"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1145\/3077136.3080737","article-title":"Predicting information seeking intentions from search behaviors","author":"Mitsui","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2016.08.001","article-title":"A developmental neuroscience perspective on affect-biased attention","volume":"21","author":"Morales","year":"2016","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124118769093","article-title":"Video data analysis: a methodological frame for a novel research trend","volume":"50","author":"Nassauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sociological Methods and Research"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2006.04.011","article-title":"Moral competence and character strengths among adolescents: the development and validation of the values in action inventory of strengths for youth","volume":"29","author":"Park","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.3660020306","article-title":"Cognitive development in children: development and learning","volume":"2","author":"Piaget","year":"1964","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Science Teaching"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010612272361100_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520902832392","article-title":"Interest and identity development in instruction: an indctive model","volume":"44","author":"Renninger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Educational Psychologist"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026010612272361100_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2011.587723","article-title":"Revisiting the conceptualization, measurement, and generation of interest","volume":"46","author":"Renninger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Educational Psychologist"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315771045","volume-title":"The Power of Interest for Motivation and Engagement","author":"Renninger","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551515615841","article-title":"Towards searching as a learning process: a review of current perspectives and future directions","volume":"42","author":"Rieh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010612272361100_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/berj.3268","article-title":"The relation between individual interest and knowledge acquisition","volume":"43","author":"Rotgans","year":"2017","journal-title":"British Educational Research Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026010612272361100_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.1991.tb06017.x","article-title":"Self-report measures of children\u2019s physical activity","volume":"61","author":"Sallis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of School Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010612272361100_ref076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2019.102069","article-title":"Implicit information need as explicit problems, help, and behavioral signals","volume":"57","author":"Sarkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Information Processing and Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026010612272361100_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1108\/AJIM-03-2022-0116","article-title":"Everyday life as an evolving context of information behaviour","volume":"75","author":"Savolainen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aslib Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls0101_3","article-title":"Higher levels of agency for children in knowledge building: a challenge for the design of new knowledge media","volume":"1","author":"Scardamalia","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref079","first-page":"202","volume-title":"Analysing Qualitative Data in Psychology","author":"Smith","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20249","article-title":"Human information behavior: integrating diverse approaches and information use","volume":"57","author":"Spink","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1108\/s1876-0562(2011)002011a013","volume-title":"New Directions in Information Behaviour","author":"Spink","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010612272361100_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1108\/00220411011023616","article-title":"Exploring young children's web searching and technoliteracy","volume":"66","author":"Spink","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s10763-019-09970-7","article-title":"Validation of a measure of STEM interest for adolescents","volume":"18","author":"Staus","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010612272361100_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1177\/0961000620948568","article-title":"A novel methodology for surveying children for designing library services: a case study of the Municipal Library of Prague","volume":"53","author":"Stejskal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.22318\/cscl2022.242","author":"Sung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref084","volume-title":"A New Culture of Learning: Cultivating the Imagination for a World of Constant Change","author":"Thomas","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref106","unstructured":"United Nations\n           (2022), The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2022, available at:\u00a0https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/sdgs\/report\/2022\/ (accessed 15 June 2024)."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010612272361100_ref085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2021.102821","article-title":"Learning assessments in search-as-learning: a survey of prior work and opportunities for future research","volume":"59","author":"Urgo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Information Processing and Management"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1145\/3409256.3409815","author":"Urgo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on the Theory of Information Retrieval"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1108\/eum0000000007075","article-title":"A theory of the task-based information retrieval process: a summary and generalisation of a longitudinal study","volume":"57","author":"Vakkari","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref087","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/pra2.21","article-title":"\u2018Computer what's your favourite colour?\u2019 Children's information-seeking strategies in the classroom","volume":"56","author":"Vanderschantz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/meet.2014.14505101053","article-title":"\u2018Sometimes the internet reads the question wrong\u2019: children's search strategies and difficulties","author":"Vanderschantz","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref109","volume-title":"The Collected Works of L. S. Vygotsky: Problems of the Theory and History of Psychology","author":"Vygotsky","year":"1987"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref089","volume-title":"Mind in Society: Development of Higher Psychological Processes","author":"Vygotsky","year":"1978"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010612272361100_ref090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1108\/AJIM-02-2017-0041","article-title":"Investigating failures in information seeking episodes","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aslib Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010612272361100_ref091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1002\/sce.21518","article-title":"Supporting knowledge construction in elementary engineering design","volume":"103","author":"Wendell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010612272361100_ref092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-013-0322-3","article-title":"Visual interface for searching and browsing children's WebOPAC","volume":"13","author":"Wook","year":"2014","journal-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1108\/AJIM-03-2017-0063","article-title":"Collaborative information searching as learning in academic group work","volume":"70","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aslib Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010612272361100_ref094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-121.1.65","article-title":"Children with autism show reduced information seeking when learning new tasks","volume":"121","author":"Young","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"2026010612272361100_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-26518-6_4","volume-title":"Mobile, Ubiquitous, and Pervasive Learning: Fundaments, Applications, and Trends","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Aslib Journal of Information Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/AJIM-01-2024-0041\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ajim\/article-pdf\/78\/1\/1\/11173225\/ajim-01-2024-0041en.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ajim\/article-pdf\/78\/1\/1\/11173225\/ajim-01-2024-0041en.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T17:27:33Z","timestamp":1767720453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ajim\/article\/78\/1\/1\/1248638\/Toward-a-conceptual-framework-characterizing-the"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ajim-01-2024-0041","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3806","2050-3814"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-3814","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]}}}