{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T01:58:17Z","timestamp":1772589497814,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]],"date-time":"2017-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AJIM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to explore the \u201crace report\u201d as a document genre in the serious-leisure pursuit of ultrarunning. Despite the sport\u2019s largely non-documental nature, race reports stand as an anomaly in their importance. This exploration serves as a springboard to investigate the informativeness of story in human life generally.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A qualitative survey of the information behavior of ultrarunners was conducted. The 46 participants were runners in a 100-mile footrace in 2016. Responses were first analyzed through phenomenological theme analysis and then were subjected to a deductive audit using a framework of information activities validated for use in serious-leisure pursuits.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Race reports are bound up in information activities across the information-communication chain. Race reports help athletes choose races, prepare for races, pre-experience races, communicate their race experiences, gather new ideas, extend their training and, finally, find entertainment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This discussion of genre is synchronic, largely limited to one moment in time, and its findings were limited in depth by the survey method. Further research should investigate race reports historically (diachronically) and infrastructurally.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This work points to symbiosis between genre theory and information behavior theory. It also legitimizes narrative reasoning as a way of knowing, which has been largely unrecognized in information behavior. Some implications of this for information science and technology are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ajim-03-2017-0071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,25]],"date-time":"2017-07-25T07:33:25Z","timestamp":1500968005000},"page":"460-474","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The information of story: the genre and information activities of ultrarunning race reports"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0226-7799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Gorichanaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref001","unstructured":"Agosto, D.E. (2001), \u201cStorytelling\u201d, in Cullinan, B. and Person, D.G. (Eds), The Continuum Encyclopedia of Children\u2019s Literature, Continuum, New York, NY, pp. 756-760."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.13110\/storselfsoci.9.1.0053","article-title":"If I had three wishes: the educational and social\/emotional benefits of oral storytelling","volume":"9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Storytelling, Self, Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/aris.2008.1440420115","article-title":"The concept of genre in information studies","volume":"42","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annual Review of Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersen, J. (Ed.) (2015), Genre Theory in Information Studies (Studies in Information), Vol. 11, Emerald, Bingley.","DOI":"10.1108\/S2055-537720140000011019"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04504.x","article-title":"Empathy toward strangers triggers oxytocin release and subsequent generosity","volume":"1167","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lisr.2003.11.003","article-title":"Use of narrative interviewing in everyday information behavior research","volume":"26","year":"2004","journal-title":"Library & Information Science Research"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref007","unstructured":"Bates, M.J. (1974), \u201cSpeculations on the sociocultural context of public information provision in the seventies and beyond\u201d, in Cuadra, C.A. and Bates, M.J. (Eds), Library and Information Service Needs of the Nation: Proceedings of a Conference on the Needs of Occupational, Ethnic, and Other Groups in the United States, USGPO, Washington, DC, pp. 51-76."},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327884mca0404_6","article-title":"Discursively structured activities","volume":"4","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mind, Culture, and Activity"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/pra2.2016.14505301066","article-title":"Toward an understanding of fiction and information behavior","volume":"53","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref010","volume-title":"Actual Minds, Possible Worlds","year":"1986"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/448619","article-title":"The narrative construction of reality","volume":"18","year":"1991","journal-title":"Critical Inquiry"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199106)42:5<351::AID-ASI5>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Information as thing","volume":"42","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23411","article-title":"What\u2019s the use? Measuring the frequency of studies of information outcomes","volume":"67","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref014","first-page":"686","article-title":"A new direction in information science research: making information science a human science","volume":"20","year":"2015","journal-title":"Information Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-06-2016-0073","article-title":"What every body knows: embodied information in serious leisure","volume":"73","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/10400410802633392","article-title":"On being moved by art: how reading fiction transforms the self","volume":"21","year":"2009","journal-title":"Creativity Research Journal"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref017","unstructured":"Feinberg, M. (2009), \u201cInformation system design for communication: the use of genre as a design element\u201d, paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vancouver, November 6-11, available at: https:\/\/ils.unc.edu\/~mfeinber\/Feinberg%20ASIST%202009.pdf (accessed April 26, 2017)."},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1108\/00220411111183573","article-title":"How information systems communicate as documents: the concept of authorial voice","volume":"67","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref019","first-page":"387","article-title":"Documentation redux: prolegomenon to (another) philosophy of information","volume":"52","year":"2004","journal-title":"Library Trends"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref020","first-page":"697","article-title":"Information on the run: experiencing information during an ultramarathon","volume":"20","year":"2015","journal-title":"Information Research"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref021","article-title":"There\u2019s no shortcut: building understanding from information in ultrarunning","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-09-2016-0114","article-title":"Information and experience, a dialogue","volume":"73","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref023","volume-title":"The Storytelling Animal: How Stories make us Human","year":"2012"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref024","article-title":"Time as a framework for information science: insights from the hobby of gourmet cooking","volume":"15","year":"2010","journal-title":"Information Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref025","first-page":"728","article-title":"Information activity in serious leisure","volume":"21","year":"2016","journal-title":"Information Research"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref026","volume-title":"What\u2019s the Use: Internet and Information Behavior in Everyday Life (Linkoping Studies in Arts and Science 240)","year":"2001"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref027","volume-title":"Running through the Wall: Personal Encounters with the Ultramarathon","year":"2003"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/01973533.2013.856791","article-title":"Changing race boundary perception reading narrative fiction","volume":"36","year":"2014","journal-title":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref029","first-page":"117","article-title":"Genre as institutionally informed social practice","volume":"6","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref030","first-page":"292","article-title":"Conceptualizing the personal outcomes of information","volume":"12","year":"2007","journal-title":"Information Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20585","article-title":"Information and higher things in life: addressing the pleasurable and the profound in information science","volume":"58","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/01972243.2015.998104","article-title":"Epistemic objects and embeddedness: knowledge construction and narratives in research networks of practice","volume":"31","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Information Society"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lieberman, H., Rozenweig, E. and Singh, P. (2001), \u201cAria: an agent for annotating and retrieving images\u201d, Computer, Vol. 34 No. 7, pp. 57-62.","DOI":"10.1109\/2.933504"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056934","article-title":"Oxytocin increases the influence of public service advertisements","volume":"8","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref034","volume-title":"Information Literacy Landscapes: Information Literacy in Education, Workplace and Everyday Contexts","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-01-2015-0019","article-title":"Reading as dialogical document work: possibilities for library and information science","volume":"72","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s10502-012-9174-5","article-title":"Genre systems and \u2018keeping track\u2019 in everyday life","volume":"12","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archival Science"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref037","unstructured":"Martin, C. (2014), \u201cPreserving family history, one memory at a time\u201d, The New York Times, March 15, available at: www.nytimes.com\/2014\/03\/16\/business\/preserving-family-history-one-memory-at-a-time.html (accessed March 16, 2014)."},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref063","volume-title":"Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach","year":"2013","edition":"3rd ed."},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/oli.12109","article-title":"Fiction, history and the possible","volume":"71","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orbis Litterarum"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/00335638409383686","article-title":"Genre as social action","volume":"70","year":"1984","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Speech"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref040","volume-title":"North American Ultrarunning: A History","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref041","unstructured":"Monarth, H. (2014), \u201cThe irresistible power of storytelling as a strategic business tool\u201d, Harvard Business Review, March 11, available at: https:\/\/hbr.org\/2014\/03\/the-irresistible-power-of-storytelling-as-a-strategic-business-tool (accessed April 26, 2017)."},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:8<681::AID-ASI6>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"User reactions as access mechanism: an exploration based on captions for images","volume":"50","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref043","volume-title":"Trait\u00e9 de documentation: Le livre sur le livre: Th\u00e9orie et pratique [Treatise on documentation: The Book on the Book: Theory and Practice]","year":"1934"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-10-2012-0130","article-title":"A tale of two images: the quest to create a story-based image indexing system","volume":"70","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1108\/00220410910970267","article-title":"Information science: communication chain and domain analysis","volume":"65","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref046","unstructured":"Savolainen, R. (2010), \u201cEveryday life information seeking\u201d, in Bates, M.J. and Maack, M.N. (Eds), Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, 3rd ed., CRC Press, New York, NY, pp. 1780-1789."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1108\/00220410510578023","article-title":"\u2018Isms\u2019 in information science: constructivism, collectivism and constructionism","volume":"61","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref048","volume-title":"Poetic Knowledge: The Recovery of Education","year":"1998"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref049","unstructured":"Trail Sisters (2016), \u201cOne thousand and one race reports\u201d, iRunFar, May 25, available at: www.irunfar.com\/2016\/05\/one-thousand-and-one-race-reports.html (accessed April 26, 2017)."},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1108\/00220411011038458","article-title":"Orally-based information","volume":"66","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref050","unstructured":"UltraRunning Magazine (n.d.), \u201cAdvertise\u201d, available at: www.ultrarunning.com\/about\/advertise\/ (accessed April 26, 2017)."},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref051","unstructured":"UltraRunning Magazine (2016), \u201c10 year growth of ultrarunning events and races\u201d, UltraRunning Magazine, December 15, available at: www.ultrarunning.com\/data\/10-year-growth-of-ultrarunning-events-and-races\/ (accessed April 26, 2017)."},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref052","first-page":"42","article-title":"2016 stats roundup","volume-title":"UltraRunning Magazine","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref053","first-page":"S08","article-title":"Hermeneutics: a sketch of a metatheoretical framework for library and information science research","volume":"18","year":"2013","journal-title":"Information Research"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref054","volume-title":"Phenomenology of Practice: Meaning-Giving Methods in Phenomenological Research and Writing","year":"2014"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref055","unstructured":"Wang, X. (2013), \u201cA genre theory perspective on digital storytelling\u201d, unpublished PhD thesis, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN."},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref056","volume-title":"Human Information Retrieval","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wille, P., Lofi, C. and Balke, W.-T. (2015), \u201cTowards narrative information systems\u201d, in Dong, X., Yu, X., Li, J. and Sun, Y. (Eds), Web-Age Information Management, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 9098, Springer, Cham, pp. 511-515.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21042-1_52"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/meet.2009.145046016","article-title":"Documentation and communication in Aboriginal\/indigenous communities","volume":"46","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120618381141000_ref059","first-page":"42","article-title":"Story-telling and narrative knowing","volume":"42","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Aesthetic Education"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yearwood, J. and Stranieri, A. (2012), \u201cNarrative reasoning\u201d, in Yearwood, J. and Stranieri, A. (Eds), Approaches for Community Decision Making and Collective Reasoning: Knowledge Technology Support, IGI Global, Hershey, PA, pp. 144-178.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-4666-1818-3.ch006"},{"key":"key2020120618381141000_ref061","volume-title":"Case Study Research","year":"2014","edition":"5th ed."}],"container-title":["Aslib Journal of Information Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/AJIM-03-2017-0071\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/AJIM-03-2017-0071\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:00:27Z","timestamp":1753398027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ajim\/article\/69\/4\/460-474\/14427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/AJIM-03-2017-0071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ajim-03-2017-0071","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-3806","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]]}}}